Passive Voice Страдательный залог

1. Passive Voice

Страдательный залог
Form:11
Unit 1, lesson 4
Teacher: Manerko S.S.

2.

Страдательный
залог (Passive Voice)
образуется при помощи
вспомогательного глагола to be в
соответствующем времени, лице и
числе и причастия прошедшего
времени смысл. глагола – Participle II
(III –я форма или ed-форма).

3. Употребление Passive Voice

Active Voice – подлежащее само выполняет
действие:
The boy wrote a poem. – Мальчик написал
стихотворение.
Passive Voice употребляется когда
неизвестно или неважно, кем выполняется
действие – действие производится над
подлежащим:
The poem was written by a boy.Стихотворение было написано
мальчиком.
Если указано, кем производится действие,
употребляется предлог by.

4.

Вопросительная форма образуется путём переноса
первого вспомогательного глагола на место перед
подлежащим, например:
Is the suit pressed? Отглажен ли костюм?
Has the house been built? Дом построен?
Will they be requested to go there? Их попросят пойти туда?
When will the telegram be sent? Когда будет отправлена
телеграмма?
How is this word spelt? Как пишется/произносится это
слово?

5.

Отрицательная форма образуется путем
постановки отрицательной частицы not после
первого вспомогательного глагола, например:
He was not (wasn’t) sent Его туда не посылали.
there.
We were not told that he Нам не говорили, что он был
was ill. болен.
The books have not been (Эти) книги еще не
sold yet. распроданы.

6.

TENSE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
Present Simple
I make a cake
A cake is made
Present Contin.
I’m making a cake
A cake is being made.
Past Simple
I made a cake.
A cake was made.
Past Continuous
I was making a cake.
A cake was being made.
Present Perfect
I have made a cake
A cake has been made.
Past Perfect
I had made a cake.
A cake had been made.
Future Simple
I will make a cake.
A cake will be made.
Future be going to
I’m going to make a cake.
A cake is going to be made.
Modal
I must make a cake.
A cake must be made.
Modal Perfect
I should have made a
cake.
A cake should have been
made.

7.

She woke up early in the morning.
- She was woken from her sleep by
his singing.
I deny that, - said Joan. – The
decision was denied by my friends.
Jane broke the vase. - The vase
was broken by Jane.

8. Переведите:

1. Some libraries were founded by kings and
presidents.
2. This book was published in 1890.
3. This work will be finished in March.
4. This telegram won`t be sent till tomorrow.
5. All my friends are invited to this party.
6. All the reports at the UNO are translated into
Chinese.
7. We hope that your lost dog will be found soon.

9. Practice Passive

Say what and when and by whom was
invented. Use the table.
1793
Eli Whitney
invent
cotton jeans
1794
Charles Wilson
open
1839
Abner Doubleday
play
1850
1876
Levi Strauss
A.G.Bell
begin
invent
the first US
museum
first baseball
game
making jeans
telephone

10.

1879
Thomas Edison
invent
electric bulb
1893
Henry Ford
build
the first car
1895
play
1923
professional
football
television
1923
Vladimir
revolutionize
Zvorykin
Charles Birdseye
introduce fast frozen food
1928
broadcast
1st TV program
1938
introduce
nylon
1947
invent
transistors

11. Change the following sentences into passive

1. They have arrested him for shoplifting.
He has been arrested for shoplifting.
2. People in Chile speak Spanish.
Spanish is spoken in Chile.
3. They are repairing your car now.
Your car is being repaired now.
4. Solar power drives this car.
This car is driven by solar power.
5. The Chinese invented paper.
Paper was invented by the Chinese.

12. Change the following sentences into passive

1. They have arrested him for shoplifting.
He has been arrested for shoplifting.
2. People in Chile speak Spanish.
Spanish is spoken in Chile.
3. They are repairing your car now.
Your car is being repaired now.
4. Solar power drives this car.
This car is driven by solar power.
5. The Chinese invented paper.
Paper was invented by the Chinese.

13. Переведите на английский, употребляя глаголы в Present, Past или Future Simple Passive.

Мне расскажут
Мне рассказывают
Мне рассказали
Мне покажут
Мне показывают
Мне показали
Нас спросили
Нас спрашивают
Нас спросят
I will be told
I am told
I was told
I will be shown
I am shown
I was shown
We were asked
We are asked
We will be asked

14.

Нам
ответили
We were answered
Нам отвечают
We are answered
Нам ответят
We will be answered
Ему помогли
He was helped
Ему помогают
He is helped
Ему помогут
He will be helped

15. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present, Past или Future Simple Passive.

1. My question (to answer) yesterday.
My question was answered yesterday.
2. Hockey (to play) in winter.
Hockey is played in winter.
3. Mushrooms (to gather) in autumn.
Mushrooms are gathered in autumn.
4. Many houses (to burn) during the Great Fire
of London.
Many houses were burnt during the Great Fire of
London.

16.

5. His new book (to finish) next year.
His new book will be finished next year.
6. Flowers (to sell) in shops and in the streets.
Flowers are sold in shops and in the streets.
7. St. Petersburg (to found) in 1703.
St. Petersburg was founded in 1703.
8. Bread (to eat) every day.
Bread is eaten every day.
9. The letter (to receive) yesterday.
The letter was received yesterday.

17.

Тест:
1. Окно разбито.
а) The window is broken.
b) The window was broken.
c) The window will be broken.
2. Окно было разбито.
а) The window is broken.
b) The window was broken.
c) The window will be broken.
3. Окно будет разбито.
а) The window is broken.
b) The window was broken.
c) The window will be broken.
4. Камень брошен.
а) The stone is thrown.
b) The stone was thrown.
c) The stone will be thrown.

18.

5. Фильм будет просмотрен.
a) The film was seen.
b) The film will be seen.
c) The film is seen.
6. Дом будет построен.
a) The house will be built.
b) The house is built.
c) The house was built.
7. Дом строится.
a) The house is built.
b) The house is being built.
c) The house was built.
8. Дом строился какое-то время.
a) The house is being built.
b) The house was being built.
c) The house was built.

19.

9. Статья прочитана.
a) The article is read.
b) The article was read.
c) The article was being read.
10. Статья читается.
a) The article is read.
b) The article is being read.
c) The article was read.
11. Статья была прочитана.
a) The article was read.
b) The article is read.
c) The article was being read.
12. Статья читалась в течение какого-то
времени.
a) The article was read.
b) The article is read.
c) The article was being read.

20.

Keys: 1) a; 2) b; 3)c; 4)a; 5) b; 6)a; 7) b;
8)b; 9) a; 10) b; 11) a; 12) c