Specialized cells

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Specialized cells

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Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u87QpOOkdxI

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Objectives
● to

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Specialized cells
● have certain (определенный) characteristics to do particular
(специфический) function
● Examples of specialized cells in animals
○ ciliated cell
○ nerve cell
○ red blood cell
○ sperm cell
○ egg cell

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Ciliated cells
● move mucus (слизь) in trachea and bronchi
● have hair like structure called cilia (реснички) to move mucus

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Nerve cell
● conduction (проводимость) of impulses
● long cell - run to and from different parts of the body
● has extensions (удлинение) - to communicate with other nerve cells

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Red blood cells
● transport of oxygen
● biconcave shape - increase surface area (площадь поверхности) for
diffusion of more oxygen
● have haemoglobin - that transport oxygen

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Sperm cell
● Reproduction
● have digestive enzymes (пищеварительные ферменты) - to enter the egg
● have tail (хвост) - move to the egg
● have mitochondria - energy to move

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Egg cell
● reproduction
● have a lot of nutrients (питательные вещества) - to grow embryo
● cell membrane changes after fertilisation (оплодотворение) - no other sperm
cell enter

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Specialized cells
● Examples of specialized cells in plants
○ root hair cells
○ xylem cells
○ palisade mesophyll cell

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Root hair cells
● absorption (всасывать) of water and minerals from soil (почва)
● root hairs - increase surface area to absorb substances
● cell wall is thin (тонкий) - to move water quickly

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Xylem vessel
● conduction (проводимость) of water through the plant
● no top and bottom walls - to form a tube (трубка) for water conduction
● cells are dead without organelle and cytoplasm - allow free passage (проход)
of water

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Palisade mesophyll cell
● Photosynthesis
● сolumn (столбец) shape - maximize absorption of sunlight
● a lot of chloroplasts - for maximum photosynthesis

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Homework - worksheet