Russian L a envir оnmental W

1.

RUSSIAN L
A
ENVIR ОNMENTAL
W
Presentation by Tsetsura Valeria

2.

RELEVANCE
It's no secret that man influences nature, uses its capabilities and gradually destroys
and depletes it. Human economic activity worsens the state of purity of air, water,
soil.
The current state is a consequence of the irrational consumption of natural resources,
the irresponsible attitude of mankind to the environment. Therefore, the relationship
between society and nature is complex and contradictory.
The problem of ecology is a global problem. A new system of views on the world and
man's place in it can save humanity as a biological species.
«Our environmental problems originate in the
hubris of imagining ourselves as the central
nervous system or the brain of nature.
We are not the brain, we are a cancer
on nature».
Dave Foreman

3.

DEVELOPMENT OF
ENVIRONMENTAL LAW
Environmental law is a part of modern universal law, encompassing aspects of the law that provide
protection to the environment.
When covering this topic , three stages can be distinguished: pre-revolutionary (from the XI century
to 1917), Soviet (from 1917 to 1991) and modern Russian (from 1991) periods.
Before 1917: the emergence, formation and development of environmental law within the framework of
«land law in the broad sense».
1917-1968 before: the adoption of the Fundamentals of Land Legislation, the second article of which
spun off other natural resource industries (mining, forestry, water).
1968 to 1987: numerous legislative acts were created involvingthe environmental relations of natural
objects in the sphere of regulation (the Law on the Protection of Atmospheric Air, the Law on the Use and
Protection of Wildlife, etc.), the existence of environmental law as a legal community is collectively
recognized.
From 1988: adoption of the Law of the RSFSR 1991 «On Environmental Protection» and the Federal
Law «On Environmental Protection» of 2002, adopted in the subsequent period.

4.

NATURE PROTECTION
Environmental literacy is primarily
determined by society's awareness
of the need to provide a favorable
environment
for
human
activity.
Therefore, many countries have already
adopted relevant laws on nature
protection,
including
the
Russian
Federation.
In Russia are in force Federal Law
«On Environmental Protection» № 7
and «Environmental Doctrine of the
Russian Federation», which were
adopted in 2002. In addition, many codes
have been adopted on of nature.
For comparison, in the USA «The National
Environmental Policy Act» was adopted in 1970
and in Germany «The Law On Environmental
Responsibility» was put into effect in 1991.
2002
2006
2006
2001

5.

BASIC PROVISIONS
The Federal Law № 7 defines the legal basis
of
state
policy
in
the
field
of environmental protection, ensures the
preservation of a favorable environment,
biological diversity and natural resources in
order to meet the needs of present and future
generations.
The Environmental Doctrine of the Russian
Federation defines the basic principles
of state policy in the field of ecology. Such,
for example, are: recognition of the
impossibility of the development of human
society with the degradation of nature,
openness of environmental information,
prevention
of
negative
environmental
consequences as a result of economic activity
and etс.

6.

FOREST LEGISLATION
The Forest Code of the Russian Federation proclaims the reasonable management of forests
and the enhancement of their ecological potential.

7.

WAYS TO PRESERVE FORESTS
The solution to the greening problem can be expressed in the cessation of deforestation, mass
greening of cities, fertilization of the soil for better and faster tree growth, as well as in the regulation
of timber processing production and regulation of tree trade. In addition, it is necessary to protect
forests from fires and measures to prevent them.
It is also worth noting that violation of fire safety rules in Russia is punishable by fines: for citizens in the amount
from 4 to 5 thousand rubles; for officials from 20 to 40 thousand rubles; for legal entities from 250 thousand
to 500 thousand rubles.

8.

WATER LEGISLATION
The Water Code of the Russian Federation proclaims the importance of water bodies as the basis
of human life and activity.

9.

WAYS TO PRESERVE WATERS
The solution to the problem of water pollution can be expressed in the installation of treatment
facilities, especially in wastewater, restoration of the microenvironment of internal waters and their
disinfection not through chemical means, as well as the development and implementation of wastefree technologies.
it is worth noting that violation of the rules of water use in Russia is punishable by fines: for citizens in the
amount from 500 rubles to 1 thousand; for officials from 10 to 20 thousand rubles; for legal entities from
80 thousand to 100 thousand rubles. Suspension of activity for up to ninety days is provided for entrepreneurs.

10.

LAND LEGISLATION
The Land Code of the Russian Federation proclaims the importance of water bodies as the basis of
human life and activity.

11.

WAYS TO PRESERVE LANDS
The solution to the problem of land pollution and depletion can be expressed in the rational use of
artificial fertilizers with a predominant share of natural ones, the fight against erosion through land
reclamation, afforestation of wastelands and an increase in medium-field plantings.
Administrative responsibility is provided for the destruction of the fertile soil layer and damage to land as a result
of violation of the rules for handling pesticides and agrochemicals. A fine of up from 3 thousand rubles is
imposed on citizens, up to 10 thousand rubles on officials and up to 50 thousand rubles for legal entities.

12.

PROTECTION OF
ATMOSPHERIC AIR
The Federal Law «On the Protection of Atmospheric Air» № 96,
adopted in 1999, designates air as an integral part and important of
the habitat of humans, plants and animals. This Federal Law
establishes the types of temporarily permitted emissions, hygienic
standards for the quality of atmospheric air, a list of pollutants,
permissible and limit values of their content.
It is believed that the main principle of public administration in the
field of atmospheric air protection is to ensure favorable
environmental conditions for human life, work and recreation. It is
also indicated that the state is obliged to fully report reliable
information about the state of atmospheric air and its pollution.
The improvement of the air condition can be achieved through the
introduction of modern technologies at industrial enterprises, the
restriction of motor transport, the installation of sewage treatment
plants and the relocation of factories and heavy industry outside the
city limits.

13.

CONCLUSION
It should be remembered that the protection of nature is primarily important for
society itself. Without clean water, soil and air, full-fledged human activity and it is
survival as a species is impossible.
Environmental degradation shows not only the failure of society as a single
reasonable organization, but also the crisis of state and public structures, their
inability to ensure effective measures for the environmental safety of society.
This is manifested, firstly, in the insufficiently effective work of special
environmental protection bodies. Secondly, the environmental crisis manifested in the
inability of law enforcement agencies to ensure reliable control and supervision over
the implementation of environmental protection laws. Thirdly, the ecological crisis in
the social aspect manifests itself in mass ecological and legal nihilism. Therefore, it is
necessary to educate society and instill in it respect for nature.