Thermodynamics of biological systems

1.

THERMODYNAMICS
OF BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS

2.

THERMODYNAMICS
CONCEPT
Thermodynamics – is a brunch of physics which studies energy, its transfer
from one place to another and its transformation from one form to another
ENERGY
mechanical
thermal
electric
chemical

3.

THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEM
energy
energy
closed
system
open
system
х
energy
Isolated
system
х
х
matter
matter
matter

4.

ISOLATED SYSTEM
This system doesn’t exchange energy or matter with the surroundings.
Universe is considered to be an
isolated system

5.

CLOSED SYSTEM
A system, that doesn’t exchange matter but exchanges
energy with the surroundings.

6.

OPENED SYSTEM
A system, that exchanges both matter and energy with surroundings.
All living organisms are opened systems.

7.

WORK & HEAT EXCHANGE
surrounding
ΔU
system
Q>0
A>0
Q=0
Q

8.

THE FIRST LAW OF
THERMODYNAMICS
ΔU = Q – A.
heat Q
work А
U1
U2
state 1
ΔU
=Q–A
state 2

9.

THE SECOND LAW OF
THERMODYNAMICS
Heat flow direction
Heat equilibrium
Impossible heat
flow direction

10.

IRREVERSIBILITY OF THERMAL
PROCESSES

11.

ENTROPY
T1 > T2
Heat flow
entropy

12.

Prigogine state
ΔeS
ΔiS
Open thermodynamic system
ΔвS

13.

BIOCALORYMETRY
Biocalorymetry – is a measurement of the energetics of biological
processes such as biochemical reactions, association of ligands to
biological macromolecules, folding of proteins into their native
conformations, phase transitions in biomembranes, and enzymatic
reactions, among others.

14.

DIRECT BIOCALORYMETRY
Inside the Atwater-Benedict human
calorimeter.

15.

DIRECT BIOCALORYMETRY

16.

INDIRECT BIOCALORYMETRY
CALORIMETER

17.

CRYOMEDICINE
CRYOSAUNA
LYSIS
NECROSIS
REVERSIBLE
EFFECTS
ISOTHERM 0°С