Igor Vasilievich

1.

Performed by Serdabintsev Maxim AVT-28
Teacher: Yuryevа A.V.

2.

Igor Vasilievich was born in the Urals, in the city of Sim, in the family of a
surveyor. Soon his family moved to Simferopol. The family was in
poverty. Therefore, Igor simultaneously with studying at the Simferopol
gymnasium graduated from an evening vocational school, received the
profession of a locksmith and worked at a small mechanical plant in
Thyssen.

3.

Study In September 1920 I.V. Kurchatov entered the Taurida University
at the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics. By the summer of 1923,
despite hunger and poverty, he graduated from the university ahead of
schedule and with great success. After arriving in Petrograd at the
Polytechnic Institute.

4.

Scientific activity Kurchatov began his scientific activity by studying the
properties of dielectrics and from a recently discovered physical
phenomenon - ferroelectricity.

5.

One of the first (in 1932) in the USSR began to
study the physics of atomic nuclei

6.

At the beginning of 1940, the research
program outlined by Kurchatov was
interrupted, and instead of nuclear physics,
he began to develop systems for the
demagnetization of warships. The
installation created by his employees
helped protect warships from German
magnetic mines.

7.

Kurchatov and his brother Boris built a uranium-graphite boiler in their
Laboratory No. 2, where they received the first weighted portions of
plutonium. On August 29, 1949, physicists, the creators of the bomb, saw
a blinding light and a mushroom-shaped cloud leaving for the
stratosphere, breathed a sigh of relief. They fulfilled their obligations.

8.

August 29 is International Day against Nuclear Tests.
For the first test of the Soviet atomic bomb in
1949, the American design was chosen,
although the original Soviet was already
ready. The reason for this decision was as
follows. It was already known about the
successful application of the American
scheme, and the Soviet one had not yet
been worked out. It was impossible to make
mistakes. Leading the project, L. Beria has
repeatedly threatened scientists that, if
unsuccessful, he will "wipe them into camp
dust." Not without reason, when the first test
of the Soviet atomic bomb was successfully
carried out, L. Beria, who was present at it,
hugged and kissed I.V. Kurchatova and
pointedly said at the same time: "It would be
a great misfortune if it did not work out."

9.

Almost four years later, on the morning of August 12, 1953, before the
sunrise, an explosion rang out over the landfill. The successful test of the
world's first hydrogen bomb has passed.
Already during the first tests of
the hydrogen bomb, I.V.
Kurchatov was horrified by the
destruction she had inflicted and
seriously thought about banning
nuclear weapons: “it was such a
terrible, monstrous sight! We
must not allow these weapons to
be used.”

10.

In February 1960, Kurchatov arrived at the Barvikha sanatorium to visit
his friend Academician Yu. B. Khariton. Crouching on the bench, they
spoke, a pause arose, and when Khariton looked at Kurchatov, he was
already dead. Death occurred due to a heart embolism with a blood clot.
Kurchatov’s favorite
word was “I
understand.” It was he
who became the last in
his mouth.

11.

Europe's first nuclear reactor (1946); created the
first Soviet atomic bomb (1949);

12.

Awards Four times laureate of the Stalin Prize
(1942, 1949, 1951, 1954) laureate of the Lenin Prize
(1957). Three times Hero of Socialist Labor (1949,
1951, 1954). He was awarded five Orders of Lenin
and two Orders of the Red Banner of Labor,
medals "For Victory over Germany", "For the
Defense of Sevastopol" and was awarded the Great
Gold Medal to them. M.V. Lomonosov, Gold
Medal. L. Euler of the Academy of Sciences of the
USSR, Silver Medal of the World named after
Joliot-Curie. Winner of the Diploma of Honorary
Citizen of the Soviet Union (1949).