International economic relations indicators (continue) Labour migration Information

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Our previous lecture :
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Our todays lecture :
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The forms of international economic relations
International trade in goods and services;
The international movement of capital;
Labour migration;
International exchange of knowledge;
The international currency and settlement relations.
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International migration
The movement of a person or a group of persons, either across an international border
a population movement, encompassing any kind of movement of people, whatever its length,
composition and causes;
includes migration of refugees, displaced persons, economic migrants, and persons moving for
other purposes, including family reunification”
“international migrant” as any person who has
changed his or her country of usual residence
“short-term migrants” (those who have changed
their countries of usual residence for at least three
months, but less than one year)
“long-term migrants” (those who have done so for
at least one year)
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Types of
migration
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Migration
in numbers
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272 million international migrants in the world in 2019,
which equates to 3.5 per cent of the global population
740 million internal migrants in 2009
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Migration
corridors
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Migration corridors
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Top -10 countries (resident migrants)
with their migration corridors (2015)
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Migration
reasons
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o growing global disparities in development, democracy, and demography;
o job shortages that will be exacerbated by the current economic downturn;
o the segmentation of labour markets in high-income economies => a situation that attracts migrant
workers to so-called “3D” jobs (dirty, difficult, or dangerous);
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o revolutions in communications and transportation…;
migration networks…etc…
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International
remittances
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Migrant workers
roughly 164 million migrant workers
around the world in 2017, accounting for
nearly two thirds (64%) of the (then) 258
million global stock of international
migrants.
regarded as 15 years of age or older (234
million) – migrant workers account for 70
per cent.
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International remittances
Remittances are financial or in-kind
transfers made by migrants directly to
families or communities in their
countries of origin.
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available data reflect an overall
increase in remittances in recent
decades, from USD 126 billion
in 2000, to USD 689 billion in
2018
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When remittances are
viewed as a percentage of
gross domestic product,
however, the top five
remittance-receiving
countries in 2018 were
Tonga (at 35.2%), followed
by Kyrgyzstan (33.6%),
Tajikistan (31%), Haiti
(30.7%) and Nepal (28%).
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Migration
effects
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