Melbourne

1. Melbourne

History and Economy

2.

Melbourne is the second largest city in Australia after Sydney, the capital of the state of
Victoria, located around the Bay of Port Phillip. The population with the suburbs is about 4
246 345 people. Melbourne is the southernmost millionaire city in the world. The city is
considered one of the main commercial, industrial and cultural centers of Australia.
Melbourne is also often called the "sports and cultural capital" of the country, as it hosts
many sports and cultural events in the life of Australia. The city is famous for its
combination of Victorian and modern architecture, numerous parks and gardens, and a
diverse and multi-ethnic population. Melbourne hosted the summer Olympics in 1956 and
the Commonwealth Games in 2006. It also hosted the meeting of the heads of state of the
British Commonwealth of Nations in 1981, and the G20 summit in 2006. in 2017, the
Economist magazine named Melbourne the most comfortable city on the planet for the
seventh time in a row.

3. HISTORY

The area surrounding the Yarra river and Port Phillip Bay, where Melbourne is now located, was inhabited by
members of the wurundjeri tribe of Australian aborigines before the arrival of Europeans. It is believed that the
aborigines lived in this area for at least 40 thousand years. The first attempt to establish a European colony here
was made by the British in 1803, when they formed a penal settlement in the area of Sullivan Bay, but this
settlement was abandoned after only a few months. In may and June 1835, the area that now contains the
Central and Northern parts of the city was surveyed by John Batman, one of the founders of the Port Phillip
Association, who entered into a contract with eight wurundjeri chiefs to sell 600,000 acres (2,400 km2) of
adjacent land. He chose the North Bank of the Yarra for a settlement and announced that "a village would be built
on this site", after which he returned to the city of Launceston in Tasmania, then called "van Diemen's Land".
However, when settlers sent by the Association arrived at the site to establish the village, they found that there
was already a settlement formed by a group of people led by John Pascoe Fawkner, who arrived here on Board the
ship enterprise on August 30, 1835. In the end, both groups came to an agreement on joint development of the
territory. The Treaty that Batman had made with the aborigines was soon cancelled by the New South Wales
administration, which at that time governed the entire territory of continental Australia. This meant that the land
became the property of the Crown, but the rights of the people who lived here were secured, and the newly
formed city was given the right to exist.In 1836, Governor Burke declared the city the administrative center of
the Port Phillip district, part of the colony of New South Wales, and in 1837 approved the first city plan, known as
the "Hoddle Plan". At the end of the same year, the city was given its final name — Melbourne, in honor of the
Prime Minister of great Britain, William lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne, whose family estate was located in the
town of Melborne, Derbyshire, England. Melbourne was declared a city after the proclamation of the Charter of
Queen Victoria on 25 June 1847.

4.

When Victoria became an independent colony in 1851, Melbourne became its capital. Since the discovery of gold in the state in the
1850s and the beginning of the gold rush, the city began to develop rapidly, providing the region with everything necessary and serving
as the main port of South-East Australia. During the rapid development of Melbourne in the 1850's and 1860's were built many of the
most well-known buildings such as Parliament house of Victoria, Treasury building, State library, Supreme court, University, Central
post office, government buildings, and cathedrals of St. Paul and St. Patrick. The Central city blocks were well planned, with numerous
boulevards and gardens and parks laid out in the city. During these years, Melbourne became the main financial center of the country: it
is home to the headquarters of several major banks. In 1861, the first stock exchange in Australia was established in the city.
By the 1880s, Melbourne's rapid development continued. The city became one of the largest cities in the British Empire, while also
being considered one of the wealthiest cities in the world. During these years the prosperity of Melbourne hosted two international
exhibitions at the large purpose-built Exhibition centre. One of the journalists who visited the city in 1885 called it "Amazing
Melbourne". This phrase has taken root, and the city continues to be called so throughout the XX century. Rapid urban development has
led to a boom, which reached its climax in 1888. At this time, real estate prices were fueled by optimistic forecasts of industrial
development. As a result, a large number of high-rise buildings, offices, "coffee palaces", and apartment buildings were built. Not all of
them were preserved as a result of the subsequent development of the city, the development of modern high-rise buildings, as well as
after the demolition of many buildings of that era due to stricter fire safety rules. However, despite this, Melbourne is still famous for its
Victorian architecture. This period is also characterized by the extensive development of public transport and, in particular, the radial
tramway network.
The period of prosperity came to an end when in 1891 the city was hit by a severe economic crisis, which brought the city's finances
into complete chaos: during this period, 16 small banks and investment communities closed in Melbourne, and 133 companies
announced their liquidation. The Melbourne financial crisis triggered an economic crisis throughout Australia that continued throughout
the 1990s, as well as the Australian banking crisis of 1893. The effect that the depression had on the city's economy is difficult to
overestimate. Although the city continued to develop slowly, the effects of the crisis were felt throughout the first decades of the
twentieth century.

5.

Since the formation of Australia as an independent state on January 1, 1901, Melbourne has been declared the temporary
capital of the country. The first Federal Parliament began its sessions in the building of the Royal exhibition center on may 9,
1901. The Australian government moved to Canberra in 1927, but Melbourne continued to be the seat of the GovernorGeneral of Australia until 1930. Many of the most important public institutions remained in Melbourne throughout the
twentieth century. The city was the headquarters of the combined allied forces led by American General Douglas MacArthur
in the Pacific theater during world war II from 1942 to 1944. During the war period, the industry of Melbourne received
numerous military orders, which turned the city into the main industrial center of Australia. After the war, the city continued
to grow at a rapid pace thanks mainly to sharply increased immigration, as well as the city's prestige as the host of the 1956
summer Olympics. In the following decades, the motorway network was actively developed, and a significant increase in the
personal car fleet allowed the development of the surrounding areas. The Central part of Melbourne has become more
modern thanks to the implementation of numerous projects to modernize the city's infrastructure. The beginning of the
economic recovery and development of the mining industry in the late 60s — early 70s of the XX century had a beneficial
effect on the city. The head offices of many major companies, as well as the Australian reserve Bank, were moved to
Melbourne. The city remained the financial and business capital of Australia until the end of the 70s, after which, however, it
gradually lost its leading position to Sydney.

6.

Melbourne's economy suffered greatly during the economic downturn in Victoria
between 1989 and 1992. During this period, many of the city's economic
institutions ceased to exist. In 1992, a government coalition led by Jeff Kennett
came to power. The new administration launched a campaign to update the
city's economy, launched numerous investment projects, and launched a
campaign to develop Melbourne as a tourist center. The city has hosted many
world-famous festivals and events, such as the Formula 1 stage. Major projects
during this period included the reconstruction and construction of the
Melbourne Museum, Federation square, the Melbourne exhibition and meeting
centre, the crown Casino, and the city link (a toll highway running through the
city centre). At the same time, some of Melbourne's infrastructure was
privatized, including electricity and public transport systems, and the funding
systems for many public areas, including health and education, were changed.
Since 1997, Melbourne has seen significant population and job growth.
Significant international investments are being made in the development of the
city, primarily in industry and the real estate market. According to 2006 data
from the Australian Bureau of Statistics, Melbourne has been ranked as the first
largest city in Australia in terms of economic growth and population growth
since 2000

7. ECONOMY

Melbourne is the largest seaport in Australia. Its annual trade turnover is about
AUD$ 75 billion. The Melbourne seaport also accounts for 39 % of the national
container turnover. Melbourne is home to most of the Australian automotive
industry, which is represented by the Ford and Toyota Assembly plants, as well as
the Holden engine plant. The city is also the base for many other industries, and
at the same time is a major financial and commercial center. Melbourne - center
of modern technologies. Industries related to computers or information
technology provide jobs to more than 60,000 people, which is the third figure
for Australia. This industry has a turnover of AUD$ 19.8 billion, of which AUD$
615 million is exported. Melbourne is the largest banking hub in the Asia-Pacific
region. Two of the Four big four banks in Australia, NAB and ANZ, have their
headquarters in this city. Melbourne is the leading city in Australia in terms of
the number of pension funds. It is home to Australia's largest pension Fund, the
Federal future Fund. Tourism is currently one of the main industries of
Melbourne's economy. According to 2004 data, the city was visited by
approximately 4.6 million Australian tourists and 1.88 million tourists from
abroad. For the past period of 2008, Melbourne has taken the palm from Sydney
as the main tourist center of Australia.

8.

Melbourne is the city where many of Australia's largest corporations are based,
including five in the top ten (by total turnover), namely ANZ, BHP Billiton, National
Australia Bank, Rio Tinto and Telstra. It is home to the head offices of organizations
such as the Business Council of Australia and the Australian Council of trade unions.
Melbourne is ranked 34th in the list of the world's 50 largest financial centers
according to the MasterCard world commercial centers index and second in Australia,
behind only Sydney. The city is becoming increasingly important as a center for
international meetings and conferences. In February 2006, construction began on the
largest conference center with 5,000 seats. The investment cost of the project is
estimated at AUD$ 1 billion. In 2014, according to the Economist magazine, Melbourne
was ranked the sixth most expensive city in the world and became the second most
expensive city in Australia after Sydney.

9. THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION