Chbi h chobhgehh^ b pycckoh ^htepatype

1.

06nacraoe rocygapcTBeHHoe 6rog:«:eTHoe o6rn,eo6pa3OBaTenbHoe ynpe^geHue
«nflTHHu,Kaa cpegH^a o6rn,eo6pa3OBaTenbHafl mKona» EenropogcKOH o6nacTH
«CHBI H CHOBHgeHH^ B pyccKOH ^HTepaType»
Pa6oTy BbmonHun:
TKaneB ^aHuun
YneHHK 11 Knacca
PyKOBogurenb npoeKTa
^opoxoBa EneHa
AHaTonteBHa
n. n^THugKoe 2022

2.

OraaBneHHe
BBegeHHe
rnaBa 1
o 1.1 06m,ne CBegeHHa
■ 1.1.1 ^peBHenmne BpeMeHa.
■ 1.1.2 CHOBHgeHHfl B COBpeMeHHOCTH.
r aaBa 2
o 2.1 Pa3HOBHg,HOCTH CHOB
■ 2.1.1 Bernue, npoponecKHe CHBI.
■ 2.1.2 Oco3HaHHMe CHBI. «3KCKypcna B nogco3HaHHe»
■ 2.1.3 noBToparornueca CHBI.
r naBa 3
o 3.1 Pont CHOBHgeHHH B pacKptiTHH xygo^ecTBeHHMx o6pa3OB B
npoH3BegeHHax pyccKHx nncaTeaen 19 BeKa
■
3.1.1 COH 06noMOBa KaK cpegcreo xapaKTepHCTHKH
B poMaHe H.A.r OHnapoBa «06.TOMOB»
■ 3.1.2 npoponecKHH COH B poMaHe A.C.nymKHHa
«EBreHHH OHerHH»
■
3.1.3 CHM KaK cpegcTBo npoTHBopeHHBocra
co3HaHHa repoa B poMaHe O.M.^ocroeBCKoro
«npecTynaeHHe H HaKa3aHHe»
3aKnwneHHe.
CnncoK Hcnonb3yeMon aHTepaTypti gaa HanncaHHa npoeKTa.

3.

'H9If9XaOHH
XHXOOAd XKHH9tT9aGHOdu XRHGad 3 KHHKHIT3 XH H KHHStTHaOHO
axgdxOIMOOad p
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xiaHxcoKeoa xooa oo oiHliajMdocjiHH axadgog £
ad HIM KHHaaoaxoarnXo
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:Hhaffe£
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H HOO ooxax oxh ‘noaxadgoead irnmod ^ Kaaodotfe oxg ‘axoaoiroh
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HHHOX'HaOHO KIMOda
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‘aooiraxHho omaHag HganxxaoiiHOtroag
omiggooo axoaoiroh JGOIM ‘aHxodnaH ‘nodoxox
KiModa oa ‘(HOO Hiadxoiag) eairx HKHOxcHatf xiadxoiag axecf) H ‘HXGOJM
0X0H30IT0X HX90H3HXXa JM9HH9XCHH9 K9HHTnOlA£Hd9XXadaX H
KHHBHiaOHG 9IT90H Aeado HHHioiauXxoaH ‘HOO (HoaoHiroaoHHgirtrgiM)

4.

r^aBa 1. OS^ue CBegeHHH.
1.1 ^peBHeHmue BpeMeHa
CHM uHTepecoBanu HenoBeHecTBO c He3anaMaTHbix BpeMeH. ^peBHenmue
TOHKOBaHUa CHOB, HanucaHHbie Ha mUHaHblX Ta6nHHKaX, MO^HO HaHTU B
BaBHHOHCKOM «3noce O runbraMeme», OTHocarn,eMca K 3000 r. go HameH ^pbI.
CerogHa H3BecTHO, HTO gpeBHue rpeKu u erunTaHe 3aHUManucb «Bbi3biBaHueM
CHOB» B xpaMax u cBaTunurngx, npegHa3HaHeHHbix gna uc^neHua. B EH6HHH
paccKa3MBaeTca O MHorux nrogax, KOTopbie B cBoeH ^H3HH pyKOBogcTBOBanucb
CHaMH. HOCH$ npegcKa3an ^apaoHy ceMb neT npo^eTaHua, 3a KOTOPMMH
nocnegywT ceMb neT HyngM, npaBUHbHO uHTepnpeTupoBaB ero COH.^O HegaBHero
BpeMeHu 6onbmuHcTBO nrogeft B coBpeMeHHOM o6rn,ecTBe He cHUTanu Ba^HHM
^TOT acneKT nenoBenecKOH ncuxuKu. K cnacTbw, Tenepb cmyagua MeHaeTca. CHM
Hau6onee HHTepecHbi TeM, HTO B HHX cMemuBaeTca oco3HaHHoe u Heoco3HaHHoe,
Korga o6pa3bi noBcegHeBHocTu cTanKUBarorca co CKPMTOH MygpocTbw
nogco3HaHua. CHM— 3a6biTbiH a3MK nenoBenecKOH pacbi. Cogep^arnueca B HHX
cTpaHHbie CHMBOHM H anneropuu nonHbi cKpMToro cMbicna, Hy^HO numb
HayHUTbca HX noHHMaTb. B TeHeHue MHorux neT 3aHHMaacb TonKOBaHueM
co6cTBeHHbx CHOB H npoaHanu3upoBaB 3a ^TO BpeMa BHymuTenbHoe
KonunecTBO cHOBugeHUH, a Mory c yBepeHHocTbw cKa3aTb, HTO nepe3 CHM c
HaMu roBopuT Bbicmun pa3yM.
1.1.2 CHOBHgeHHH B gpeBHeM
MHpe. CHOBHgeHHH gpeBHHx
erunTHH

5.

^peRHHe ernmaHe noHHMaan, MTO BO CHe raa3a ocTamrca OTKPMTMMH. HX TepMHH
gaa o6o3HaaeHHa cHoRHgeHHH, PCBT, nponcxogHT OT ogHoKopeHHoro caoRa co
3HaaeHHeM «6biTb 6ogpcTRymm,HM». Heporan^M, o6o3Ha.Ma.RmHe nOHATHe
«rswt» , CMeHHHHCb 3HaKoM, H3RecTHMM KaK rpaMMaTHMecKHH
geTepMHHaTHR H H3o6pa«:aRmHM OTKPMTMH raa3. ErnnTaHe Repnan, MTO RO CHe
c HaMH pa3roRapHRarnT 6orn. EnGaeftcKaa ncTopna o6 Hocn^e H ^apaoHe
HanoMHHaeT HaM o TOM, MTO OHH ygeaaan npncTaatHoe RHHMaHHe noayaeHHMM
RO
CHe nocaaHHaM o RO3MO^HMX npegcToamux co6brraax. ErnnTaHe
npaKTHKoRaan KyatT cHoRHgeHHH gaa noayaeHHa HacTaRaeHHH H H^eaeHHa R
xpaMax H CRaTMx MecTax. OHH noHHMaan, MTO, Korga MeaoReK RcnoMHHaeT
CROH CHM H pa6oTaeT c HHMH, OH pa3RHRaeT naMaTt, noayaaeT gocTyn K 3HaHHaM,
KOTOPMMH Raagea go cRoero noaRaeHHa Ha cReT R TeKym,eM Ronaom,eHHH, a
TaK®;e ycTaHaRaHRaeT cRa3t c onMToM, noayaeHHMM R TeaeHHe CROHX
npegMgymux ^H3Hen. KpoMe Toro, ernmaHe pa3pa6oTaan c^e^HaabHyro npaKTHKy
oco3HaHHMx cHoRHgeHHH. O6yaeHHbie cHoRHg^i - npopn^Tean, acHoRHgamue H
Teaenara gaRaan coReTM no noRogy rocygapcTReHHMx RonpocoR H RoeHHon
cTpaTerHH H o6ecneaHRaaH RHyrpeHHmrn cRa3t Me^gy MHoroancaeHHMMH
xpaMaMH H agMHHHcTpaTHRHMMH ^mpaMH. OHH o6aagaan cnoco6HocTtm
npeRpam,arbca R gpyrnx cym,ecTR, nyTemecTRoRaTt Mepe3 RpeMa H npocTpaHcTRo
R o6pa3e mH^ H ^HROTHMIX. MM MO^SM y6egHTtca R ^TOM, paccMaTpHRaa
H3o6pa«:eHHa ^pe^-ceM (nan ceTM) - MacTepa acTpaatHMx nyTemecTRHH,
oco6eHHo nyremecTRHH R 3arpo6HMH MHp. Ero pncoRaan ogeTMM R mKypy
aeonapga H m6Ky ^apaoHa H3 mKypM 6MKa, npoRoga^HM pHTyaa no
ycTaHoRaeHHm CRA3H Me^gy MHpaMH, a TaK^e MHTa.mm.HM 3aKaHHaHHa gaa
npeRpam,eHHa R many, KoTopMe 3anncaHM R nannpyce AHH, 6oatme H3RecTHoM
KaK ernneTCKaa KHHra MepTRMx. MM Mo^eM npegnoao^mt, MTO nponcxo^geHHe
TepnoMop^Hbix 6oroR ErnnTa - HMerom,nx roaoRy 6apaHa, coKoaa, KopoRM nan
KpoKognaa - cBa3aHo c npHMHTHRHMMH npegcTaRaeHHaMH a^pHKaHcKoro
maMaHH3Ma.

6.

1.1.3 CHOBHgeHHH B COBpeMeHHOCTH. AKTya^bHOCTb CHa B
COBpeMeHHOM Mupe.
^eaoBeK 6e3 egb Mo^eT npo^HTb oKoao gByx Meca^B, a BOT 6e3 CHa He 6oaee gByx
Hegeab. OKa3MBaeTca, COH He ToabKo BanaeT Ha pa6oTocnoco6HocTb, naoxoH COH
cnoco6cTByeT Bo3HHKHoBeHHro paga 3a6oaeBaHHH.
OKa3biBaeTca, COH He ToabKo BanaeT Ha pa6oTocnoco6HocTb, naoxoH COH
cnoco6cTByeT Bo3HHKHoBeHHro paga 3a6oaeBaHHH. AMepHKaHCKHe yneHbie
npoBean pag HCcaegoBaHHH H BbiacHHan, HTO arogaM, B Bo3pacre 18-60 aeT, Hy^Ho
cnaTt MHHHMyM 7 nacoB B cyTKH gaa o^THMH3a^HH pa6oTocnoco6HocTH H
npoH3BogHTeabHocTH. Henpogoa^HTeabHbift COH noBbimaeT pHCK pa3BHTHa
o^HpeHHa, gna6eTa, BbicoKoro KpoBaHoro gaBaeHHa, pa3BHTHa 6oae3Heft cepg^,
HHcyabTa H ncnxHHecKHx paccTpoHCTB.
B xoge HCcaegoBaHHa 6biao onpomeHo nonra 450 000 arogeH, B Bo3pacTe nocae 18 aeT.
Ha6npaaHCb caynaftHbie HoMepa H oTBeTHBmHM Ha 3BOHOK 3agaBaan Bonpoc:
«CKoabKo nacoB B cyTKH Bbi cnHTe?» HH^opMagna, co6paHHaa B xoge ^THx
Teae^oHHbx HHTepBtro, 6biaa npoaHaaronpoBaHa HCcaegoBaTeaaMH H3 ^mpa no
KoHTpoaro H npo^naaKTHKe 3a6oaeBaHHH. HccaegoBaTean oSHapy^HHH, HTO
ToabKo 56% H3 onpomeHHbix HMeroT 3gopoBMH npogoa^HTeabHMH COH. TaK^e
6biao BbiacHeHo, HTO MHorne H3 onpomeHHbix B Bo3pacTe CTapme 18 aeT, cnaT
MeHee 7 nacoB B cyTKH. KpoMe Toro, HCcaegoBaHHe noKa3aao, HTO ^maTbie arogn
HMeroT 6oaee 3gopoBMH COH, neM ogHHoKHe arogn. Bbicmee o6pa3oBaHHe H
nocToaHHaa pa6oTa 6bian noKa3aTeaeM xopomero CHa, B TO BpeMa KaK
6e3pa6oTHbie nan HeTpygocnoco6Hbie arogn cnann KpaHHe naoxo H Maao. 3KcnepTb
B o6aacTH o3gopoBaeHHa Ha^HH, BbiCKa3anH CBoe MHeHHe: «KaK npaBHao, MM
He BMCMnaeMca. ^TO6M BMCMnaTbca Hy^Ho H3MeHHTb CBOH o6pa3 ^H3HH,
ao^HTbca cnaTb B ogHo H TO ^e BpeMa, npocbnaTbca yTpoM B onpegeaeHHMH nac,
ao^HTbca cnaTb nogaabme OT ^aeKTpo^pH6opoB». 3TH gaHHMe noKa3aan, KaK
Maao arogn ygeaaroT BpeMeHH CHy, H CBoeMy 3gopoBbro. MegHKH CHHTaroT, HTO
CTOHT o6paTHTb BHHMaHHe Ka^goMy Ha KanecTBo H KoannecTBo CHa H HanaTb
BecTH 3gopoBMH H npaBHabHbift o6pa3 ^H3HH.

7.

r^aBa 2. Pa3H0BHgH0CTH CHOB.
2.1.1 Be^ue, npoponecKHe CHM.
Bern,HM BbicTynaeT COH, KOTOPMH TaK H HHaHe cooTBeTCTByeT nocnegywrn,HM
co6brraaM 6ogpcTBoBaHHa. Bcerga ^TOMy HaxogHTca KaKoe-TO norHHHoe
o6bacHeHHe. npHBegy npHMep. ECHH COH nporao3HpyeT 6one3Hb, TO, CKopee Bcero,
OH npoaBnaeT y^e 3apo^gawm,ywca B opraHH3Me 6one3Hb, KoTopyw HenoBeK ern,e
He oco3HaeT H He omym,aeT. HanpHMep, HenoBeK BH^HT BO CHe, HTO OH
3agbixaeTca. BO3MO^HO, y Hero Bo3HHKaeT ogbimKa BO CHe. H ^TO Mo^eT 6biTb
npegBecTHHKoM HaHHHawrnuxca npo6neM c gbixaTenbHoft cncTeMoft, HanpHMep,
6poHxnanbHoH acTMbi. .HH6O ®;e HenoBeK perynapHo BHgHT BO CHe, HTO ero
3Mea ^anHT B o6nacTb cepg^ H Bbi3brnaeT HenpnaTHbie om,ym,eHHa B rpygHoft
KaeTKe. 3TO MO^ST 6biTb npegBecTHHKoM HaHHHawrn,eftca HmeMHHecKoft
6one3HH cepg^. MeTa^opbi H o6pa3bi B cHoBHgeHHax MoryT 6biTb pa3Hbie. HHorga
HenoBeK caM ocy^ecTBnaeT npegcKa3aHHe cHoBHgeHHa. K npHMepy, OH yBHgen
BO cHe, HTO ero yBonHHH c pa6oTbi. H ero ^TO TaK BneHaraHno, OH HacTonbKo Ha
^TOM 3a$HKcnpoBaH, HTO nocToaHHo Ha pa6oTe HaHHHaeT HcKaTb HeKoe
nogTBep^geHHe cBoeMy cHoBHgeHHw, HacTopo^eHHo o6rn,aeTca c KonneraMH,
^poBO^HpyeT KOH^HHKTM, H B peanbHocra ero geftcTBHTenbHo yBonbHawT c
pa6oTb. npn ^TOM OH caM MeHaeT noBegeHHe TaKHM o6pa3oM. EcTb H gpyrne
MexaHH3Mb. BO3MO^HM npocTo npogon^eHHe MbimneHHa B cHoBHgeHHH H
BbcTpaHBaHHe nporao3a Ha 6ygym,ne co6brraa. ^enoBeK BO cHe npogon^aeT
MbcnHTb, aHanH3HpoBaTb, conocTaBnaTb HH$opMa^HW, H cHoBHgeHHe
no3BonaeT eMy B cHMBonHHecKon $opMe B BHge KoHKpeTHbix CW^STOB
BbicTpaHBaTb nporHo3 Ha TO, KaK co6biTHa norHHHo MoryT 3aBepmHTbca B
6ygyrn,eM. 3TH nporao3bi HacTo oKa3biBawTca oHeHb npaBHHbHbiMH.
—
KaK npaBHHbHo HcTonKoBaTb KomMapbi?
— KomMapbi HHH ycTpamawrnue cHoBHgeHHH — ^TO HopMa gna nw6oro
HenoBeKa, ecnn OHH Bo3HHKawT BpeMa OT BpeMeHH. TaKoH COH MO^ST 6biTb
npoaBneHHeM pea^HH Ha cTpeccoBbie co6brraa, Ha KaKyw-To HoByw
HH$opMa^HW, Ha neperpy3KH, Ha cMeHy ®H3HeHHbix o6cTOHTenbcTB. Ho ecnn
KomMapbi npeo6nagaroT Hag gpyrHMH cHoBHgeHHHMH, HenoBeK perynapHo HX
BHgHT, TO CTOHT HaHaTb 6ecnoKoHTbca. TaKHe CHM cHraanronpywT, HTO y
HenoBeKa HTO-TO He TaK: HH6O B opraHH3Me ecTb KaKoft-To c6oft, HH6O ecTb
ncnxonorHHecKHe npo6neMbi. HanpHMep, Hepa3pemeHHaa BHyTpeHHaa npo6neMa,
KoTopaa nocToHHHo npo6HBaeTca H gaeT o ce6e 3HaTb. noBTopawrnueca HoHHbie
KomMapbi — ^TO cnraan TpeBorn, KoTopbift aBnaeTca noBogoM gna o6parn,eHHa K
c^e^Ha^HCTy.

8.

2.1.2
Oco3HaHHbie CHM. <^KCKypcHH B nogco3HaHHe»
C HayHHOH TOHKH 3peHHa 0C03HaHHbIH COH erO effl£ Ha3bIBaroT n^HgHUM
—
Heab3a CHHTaTb nonHO^HHiiM CHOM. 3TO CKopee onpegeaeHHoe cocToaHHe,
Korga HeaoBeK 0C03HaeT ce6a cnarn,HM H MO^eT ynpaBaaTb c^HapneM
CHOBHgeHHa. Bo3HHKaeT TaKoe aBneHHe B $a3e 6ucTporo CHa, HO no KaKOH
npHHHHe — noKa HHKTO He 3HaeT TOHHO. TepMHH B HaHaae 20-x rogoB npomaoro
BeKa BBea ronnaHgcKHH ncnxnaTp OpegepHK BaH 3geH. OH nocBaran ^eHOMeHy
^nyro CTaTbw, HanncaB ee Ha ocHOBe co6cTBeHHoro gHeBHHKa. A HacToarn,HM
rypy 0C03HaHHbix CHOB no npaBy CTaa aMepHKaHCKHH ncHxo^rononor CTHBeH
^a6ep®;. HMeHHO OH C noMorn,bro MPT-CKaHHpoBaHHa goKa3aa MHpy, HTO
MO3r aKTHBeH B $a3e 6iiCTporo CHa. 3TO 3HaHHT, HTO co3HaHHe y^e npocHyaocb,
HO MO3r HrHopnpyeT ^TOT $aKT H npogon^aeT noKa3iiBaTb CHII. nocKoabKy
C03HaHHe B ^TOT MOMeHT y^e npocHyaocb, CHOBHg^i MoryT pearnpoBaTb Ha
BHemHHe pa3gpa^HTenn. npo^eccop CeBepo-3anagHoro yHHBepcHTeTa KeH naaaep
C KonneraMH BiiacHHn, HTO B oco3HaHHOM CHe HeaoBeK cnoco6eH o6rn,aTbca.
YHeHiie B3aHMogeftcTBOBanH C yHacTHHKaMH oniTa: Kacanncb HX, 3agaBann
Bonpoci HHH HHTann CTaTbH, a noTOM npocnnn OTBeTHTb. Bee 36 HcniTyeMix
gann pea^nro: Moprann, KHBann nan ga^e roBopnan, Haxogacb BO CHe. Ern,e ogHH
HHTepecHiiH oniT cocToaaca B 2011 rogy. ^o6poBoabm y^e HMeBmne oniT
oco3HaHHiix CHOB, noayHHan 3agaHHe — nooHepegHO c^HMaTb KyaaKH nocae
Toro, KaK noHMyT, HTO OHH BO CHe. ^aTHHKH
^aeKTpo^H^e$aao^paMMbI (33r) Ha roaoBax noKa3iiBaaH HaHaao $a3ii 6ucTporo
CHa, nocae ^TO^o yHacTHHKOB noMern,aan B annapaT MPT. 3KcnepHMeHT
noKa3aa, HTO y HcniTyeMix noBiicnaacb aKTHBHOCTb 3OHi MO3ra, OTBeHarorn,eH
3a nnaHHpoBaHHe gBH^eHHH.
2.1.3
nOBTOpHM^HeCH CHbl.
noBToparornueca CHI — CHI, KOTopie B TOHHOCTH nan C 6oabmoft CTeneHbw
eoBnageHHa BoenporoBogaT ogHH H TOT ®;e cro^eT, Ha6arogaTeaeM nan
yHacTHHKOM KOToporo aBaaeTca ey6beKT. Me^gy noBTopeHHaMH MO^eT 6iiTb
HHTepBan OT HecKoabKHx gHeft go HecKoabKHx aeT. B MHrnaHCKOH TpagH^HH
noBToparornueca CHI HeeyT cogep^aHHa, KOTopie HeaoBeK no TeM nan HHHM
npHHHHaM He roTOB oeo3HaBaTb, HHTerpnpoBaTb H KOTopie CTpeMaTca K
KOHTaKTy e 3ro. B TOHHOCTH noBToparornueca MOTHBM CHOB npHHaTO
paCCMaTpHBaTb KaK HaCTHilH, KpaHHHH CayHaH eepHH CHOB TaKOH HX
noeaegoBaTeabHOCTH (BO BcaKOM cayHae, B TeHeHHe pa6oTii CHOBHg^ C
aHaaHTHKOM), B KOTOPOH o6pa3i rpynnnpywTca BOKpyr ogHoro H Toro ^e
KOMnaeKca c apxeTHnHHecKHM agpoM. Oco6eHHO TOHHIIMH 6iBawT noBTopeHHa

9.

B CHax (uau noBTopeHue MoTuBa B cepuax CHOB) npu HaauHuu HeBpo3a KaK
KOH^nHKTa Me^gy co3HaHueM u 6ecco3HareabHbMu cogep^aHuaMu.
raaBa 3. Poab CHOBHgeHHH B pacKpbiTHH xygo^ecTBeHHMx oSpasoe B
npoH3BegeHHHx pyccKHx nucaTeaen 19 eeKa.
OnucaHue CHa repoa (repouHu) uMeeT B pyccKOH auTeparype gaBHroro TpagMuwro:
K TeMe CHa o6parn,aaucb B CBoeM TBopHecTBe ^yKOBCKHH («CBeTaaHa») u
nymKHH («KanHTaHCKaa goHKa», «EBreHun OHeruH»), ^epMOHTOB («M^ipu») u
^ocToeBCKHH («npecTynaeHue u HaKa3aHue»). Cou pacKptmaeT ray6uHHoe
cogep^aHue gymeBHon ^H3HH repoa, no3BoaaeT Bbpa3uTb «HeBbpa3uMoe»,
ycKoab3aro^ee OT pa^uoHaabHo^o aHaau3a.
TaKoB u «COH O6aoMoBa» — oguH u3 KaroHeBbx ^^u3ogoB 3HaMeHuToro poMaHa r
oHnapoBa. B O6aoMoBKe, KoTopyro repon BuguT BO CHe, ^opMupyeTca gymeBHMH
cKaag Habu HabuHa, npegonpegeauBmun ero cygb6y. 3gecb ae^ar npuHUHM TaKoro
ygpynarom,ero u HeucKopeHuMoro B pyccKon ^u3Hu aBaeHua, KaK
«o6aoMoBrn,uHa», a c gpyron cTopoHb — 3gecb ^e MO^HO o6Hapy^uTb UCTOKU TOH
«roay6uHon KPOTOCTU» u He3aMyTHeHHon acHocTu gymu, KOTOPMMU cToab
pa3uTeabHo oTauHaaca Haba HabuH OT oKpy^aro^ero ero npegnpuuMHuBoro u
MepKaHTuabHoro Mupa.
OTHomeHue aBTopa «O6aoMoBa» K cBoeMy reporo HeogHo3HaHHo. B poMaHe
nucareab c ropeHbro u rpycTbro numeT o «cBeTe», KOTOPMM 6baa HanoaHeHa gyma
Habu HabuHa, u o nocTeneHHoM yMupaHuu auHHocTu. ABTOPOM MHoroKpaTHo
nognepKHyro, HTO O6aoMoB He Mo^eT 6bTb cBegeH K ogHon ToabKo
«o6aoMoBrn,uHe», HTO B ^TOH gyme ecTb MHoro 6ec^HHbix, pegKux KanecTB (Begb
npaB 6ba 3axap, cKasaBmufi o cBoeM noKoHHoM 6apuHe: «Ha pagocTb arogaM ^ua,
^uTb 6M eMy CTO aeT...»).
«COH O6aoMoBa» MO^ST 6bTb pa3geaeH Ha gBe HacTu. nepBaa HacTb pucyeT
uguaauHecKyro KapTuHy coBepmeHHoro, 6e3MaTe^Horo 6bTua — «yrpaHeHHoro
paa», naMaTb o KOTOPOM HaBcerga o3apuaa gymy repoa TUXUM u MarKuM cuaHueM. r
epou BuguT «6aarocaoBeHHbH yroaoK 3eMau», rge HeT HuHero rpaHguo3Horo,
guKoro u yrproMoro". Bce cyauT goaryro u cHacTauByro ^u3Hb, KoTopaa 3aBepmaeTca
Maraon u He3aMeTHon, noxo^en Ha COH, cMepTbro. npupoga B ^TOM Kparo Bcerga
npuBeTauBa u Tuxa. BpeMeHa roga cMeHaroT gpyr gpyra B noao^eHHbH cpoK, pagya
Bce TeMu ®;e noBToparorn,uMuca u y3HaBaeMbMu KapTuHaMu.

10.

HapHCOBaHHblH r OHHapOBMM o6pa3 BOnnO^eHHOH rapMOHHH RbI3bIRaeT
aCCO^Ha^HH C o6pa3aMH H0B03aBeTH0r0 «OTKpoReHHa», TonbKo
O6HOMORCKHH «pan» 6onbme HanoMHHaeT He npopoHecKoe RHgeHHe, a CKa3Ky —
gpeRHenmHH H3 ^aHpoB. BMecTO apKHx H yroMHTenbHbix KpacoT B gyxe
poMarnroMa — THxaa pagocTb naTpnapxanbHoro 6biTHa, C ero ecTecTReHHocTbro H
^nbHocTbro: no-goMamHeMy npHReTHHRoe He6o, go6pogymHaa nyHa, noxo^aa Ha
«MegHbiH RMMHmeHHMH Ta3», MHpHoe ^y^^aHHe Myx, neHHe nepenenoR. B
06noMoRKe ^HByT He Toponacb, He Regaa CTpacTen H RonHeHHH. KpecTbaHe
^HyT, namyT H eewT, goBonbHbie CRoen eygb6on H y6e^geHHbie, HTO «^HTb HHane
— rpex».
ARTOP noRecTRyeT o RoenHTaHHH repoa, o ero pogHTenax — ^TOMy nocRarn,eHa
RTopaa nacTb «CHa 06noMoRa». B rocnogcKoM goMe ^HRyr pa3MepeHHo H He
enema. rnaRHyro 3a6oTy 3gecb eocTaRnaroT «KyxHa H o6eg» — o6 o6ege coRe^awTca
<^enbiM goMoM», gonro H ocHoRaTenbHo. noene o6ega Recb goM norpy^aeTca BO
«Bcenoraom,arom,HH» COH, noene KoToporo nbWT «HameK, HO gReHag^TH» Haw.
Hnroma pacTeT 3geeb R aTMoe^epe HW6RH H o6o^;aHHa. Ero CTpacTHo,
caMo3a6ReHHo HW6HT MaTb, HM ^HReT 3a6oTHHRaa HaHa, KoTopaa paccKa3bRaeT
Hnrome CKa3KH o EMene, o HeRegoMbix Kpaax, rge TeKyT peKH Mega H MonoKa H
«HHKTO HHnero KpyrabiH rog He genaeT» (o ^onbKnopHon ^o^TH3a^HH neHH
aRTop roRopHT e ropbKon npoHHen). He TonbKo HaHHHbi CK33KH, HO H Recb 6MT
O6HOMOR^R o6Hapy^HRaeT CRa3b e gaRHHMH, npaHCTopHnecKHMH
RpeMeHaMH, e a3MHecKon gpeRHocTbw. 3geeb RepaT R npHMeTb, eo6nwgawT
o6pagbi H TpagH^HH, HTyT CTapHHy H 6onbme Rcero Ha CReTe 6oaTca nepeMeH.
^eHb H Henw6oRb KO RcaKoMy aKTHRHoMy geHCTRHW 6binn npacyrnu RceM
O6HOMOR^M — OT KpecTbaH go roenog. OTe^ repoa, Hnba HRaHoRHH, 6bin 3aHaT
TeM, HTO xognn H3 yraa R yron, Hroxan Ta6aK HHH Ha6nrogan 3a nponcxoga^HM Ha
gRope. MaTb TaK«:e 6bina «ennbHo 3aHaTa» — o6cy^gana Haea no Tpn, KaK
nepemHTb H3 CTapon ^y^aHKH geTCKyw KypToHKy; enegnna, HTO6M nopraon He
yKpan ocTaTKH eyKHa; xognna noraageTb, «xopoHW HH HanHRaeTca a6noKo».
06HOMOR ^HH R oTHeM goMe, «KaK ^K30THHecKHH ^eTOK R Tennn^». BeaKoe ero
^enaHHe npegynpe^ganocb, Rcerga K ero yenyraM 6MHH «Tpoe-HeTRepo enyr» H
RepHbH 3axap. HHorga Hnroma HyRCTRoRan R ee6e CTpeMneHHe RbipRaTbca Ha
npocTop ^H3HH, ycKaKaTb Ha caBpacKe R Hona HHH nonrpaTb B CHe^KH e
KpeCTbaHCKHMH MaHbHHmKaMH. Ho TaKHe nopbRb RoenpHHHMaHHCb H
06noMoBKe e y^aeoM H eo BpeMeHeM yraenn. «Mmymue npoaRHeHHa CHHM

11.

o6parn,aaacb BHyrpb a HUKau, yBagaa», — c ropeabro TBopuT r oHaapoB, nogBoga
uTor noBeeTBOBaHHW o geTCTBe repoa.
B poMaHe 06HOMOB a3o6pa«:aeTca KaK H^aoHaabHbia xapaKTep, opraHuaecKu
BbipacTarorn,HH na pyccKoa noaBe, npoHU3aHHbia npoTUBopeauBbiMu BauaHuaMu
npomaoro a HacToarn,ero, BnuTaBmua B ce6a a cBeTabie, a TeMHbie cTopoHbi
HapogHoa ^H3HH. COH repoa no3BoaaeT o6bacHUTb reHe3uc ^TO^o xapaKTepa, gacT
KAMH K noHHMaHHW poMaHa B a,eaoM.
06HOMOB. HBaH AaeKcaHgpoBua r oHaapoB.
3.1.2 npoponecKHH COH B poMaHe A.C.nymKHHa «EBreHHH OHerHH»
«EBreHua OHeruH» - poMaH B cTuxax, ogHo u3 caMbix u3BecTHbix npou3BegeHua
nymKHHa. BeauKua pyccKua nucaTeab nocBeTua eMy ceMb aeT cBoea ®a3Hu. Pa6oTa
Hag poMaHoM npogoa^aaacb c 1823 roga no 1830 rog. Ba^ayro poab B npou3BegeHuu
uMeeT COH TaTbaHbi .HapaHoa.
TaTbaHa .HapaHa - raaBHaa repouHa poMaHa «EBreHua OHeruH». Moaogaa 18aeTHaa geBymKa, ^uByrn,aa B npoBUHgaa, MeaTaeT o 6oabmoa aro6Ba. B oTauauu OT
cBoea Maagmea cecTpbi Oabru oHa He TaK KpacuBa a Beceaa, a, Hao6opoT,
3agyMauBa a MeaaHxoHuaHa. Buga cecTep .HapaHbix B nepBbia pa3, OHeruH
yguBaaeTca, noaeMy ero gpyr .HeHcKaa Baro6aaca B Oabry, Begb oHa noBepxHocTHa a
HeuHTepecHa. no MHeHaro EBreHua, ^o^T (BaaguMup .HeHcKaa 6bia ^o^TOM)
goa^eH 6biTb oaapoBaH TaTbaHUHoa rpycTbw a cao^HocTbw xapaKTepa. TaTbaHa c
nepBoro B3raaga Baw6aaeTca B OHeruHa a numeT eMy aw6oBHoe nucbMo, aTo 6biao
coBepmeHHo He TunuaHo gaa geBymKu Toro BpeMeHH. OgHaKo, xoTb raaBHbia
repoa a cauTaeT geBymKy uHTepecHoa, He aro6aT ee, a oTBeaaeT ea oTKa3oM. ^aa
TaTbaHbi ^TO 6bia 6oabmoa ygap, Bce ee MeaTbi pa3pymaaacb. ^epe3 HecKoabKo aeT
oHa BbixoguT 3aMy^; 3a Hearo6aMoro aeaoBeKa u cTaHoBUTca cBeTcKoa gaMoa.
BcTpeTUB ee, OHeruH Baw6aaeTca 6e3

12.

naMaTu, noHHMaeT, KaKuM rayn^M OH 6bia u, ontaHeHHMH CBoen aro6oBtro,
numeT eft nuctMo. raaBHaa repouHa no-npe®HeMy aro6uT ero, HO oTBeaaeT, HTO
caumKoM no3gHo u Me®gy HUMU Huaero He Mo®eT 6biTt: «HO a gpyroMy oTgaHa u
6ygy BeK eMy BepHa» TaTtaHa - ®eHcKuft o6pa3, cTaBmuft oau^TBopeHueM
^eHCTBeHHocTu, nbiaKoft u cTpacraoft aro6Bu, HO B TO ®e BpeMa BepHocTu u
^aoMygpeHHocTu. COH TaTtaHM, B KOTOPOM OHeruH y6uBaeT ^eHCKoro,
CTaHoBuTca Bern,uM. Ha caMoM gene Bce TaK u npoucxoguT. OHeruH, ®eaaa
OTOMCTUTB gpyry, HaauHaeT ^aupTOBaTt c ero HeBecToft. .HeHcKuft BocnpuHuMaeT
yxa®uBaHua 3a Oatroft Bcepte3 u Bbi3biBaeT OHeruHa Ha gyaat. KaK u npegcKa3aHo
BO cHe, OHeruH y6uBaeT BaaguMupa.
Ho He ToatKo 3Ta c^Ha aBaaeTca npopoaecKoft. B caMoM Haaaae cHa TaTtaHa BuguT
MegBega, a MegBegt no gpeBHuM pyccKuM noBeptaM cHuTca K 3aMy®ecTBy. TaK®e
BO cHe MegBegt aBaaeTca KyMoM EBreHua, B geftcTBuTeatHocTu fiygymuft My®
TaTtaHM To®e aBaaeTca gaatHuM pogcTBeHHuKoM OHeruHa.
TaTtaHa .ftapuHa. raaBHaa repouHa poMaHa A.C.nymKuHa «EBreHuft OHeruH»

13.

3.1.3 CHM KaK cpegcTBO npoTHBopeaHBOCTH co3HaHna repoa B poMaHe
O.M.^ocToeBCKoro «npecTynaeHHe H HaKa3aHHe»
CHM PacxoabHHKoBa H HX xygo^ecTBeHHaa ^yH^na B poMaHe O. M. ^ocToeBCKoro
“npecTynaeHHe H HaxasaHHe”
r ay6oKHH ncnxoaorH3M poMaHOB O. M. ^ocToeBcxoro 3axaroaaeTca B TOM, HTO HX
repoH nonagaroT B cao^Hbie, ^KCTpeMaabHbIe ^H3HeHHbie CHTya^HH, B
KOTopmx o6Ha«:aeTca HX BHyrpeHHaa cyrn,HocTb, oTKpbiBaroTca ray6HHbi
ncnxoaorHH, cxpbiTbie KoH^anxm, npoTHBopeana B gyme, HeogHo3HaaHocTb H
napagoxcaabHocTb BHyTpeHHero MHpa. ^aa oTpmeHHa ncHxoaorHaecxoro
cocToaHHa raaBHoro repoa B poMaHe “npecTynaeHHe H HaKa3aHHe” aBTop
Hcnoab3oBaa pa3Hoo6pa3Hbie xygo^ecTBeHHbie npneMbi, cpegn xoTopbix
HeMaaoBa^Hyro poab HrparoT CHM, Tax KaK B 6ecco3HaTeabHoM cocToaHHH
aeaoBex cTaHoBHTca caMHM co6oft, TepaeT Bee HaHocHoe, ay^oe H, TaKHM
o6pa3oM, CBo6ogHee npoaBaaroTca ero Mbican H ayBcTBa. Ha npoTa^eHHH
npaxraaecKH Bcero poMaHa B gyme raaBHoro repoa, PognoHa PacxoabHHKoBa,
nponcxogHT KOH^HHKT, H ^TH BHyrpeHHHe npoTHBopeana o6ycaoBaHBaroT ero
CTpaHHoe cocToaHHe: repoH HacToabxo norpy^eH B ce6a, HTO gga Hero rpaHb Me^gy
MeaToH H peaabHocTbro, Me^gy CHOM H geftcTBHTeabHocTbro cMa3bmaeTca,
BocnaaeHHbH Mo3r po^gaeT 6peg, H repoH BnagaeT B anararo, noaycoH-noay6peg,
^o^TOMy o HeKoTopbix CHax TpygHo CKa3aTb, COH ^TO nan 6peg, nrpa
Boo6pa^eHHa. OgHaxo B poMaHe Tax^e cyrn,ecTByroT apKHe, aeTKHe onncaHHa
CHOB PacKoabHHKoBa, cnoco6cTByrorn,He pacKpbrraro o6pa3a raaBHoro repoa,
yray6aeHHro ncuxoaornaecKoft cTopoHbi poMaHa. TaK, nepBbift COH PacKoabHHKoB
BHgHT He3agoaro go ySnftcTBa, 3acHyB B KycTax B napKe nocae “npo6bi” H Ta^eaofi
BcTpean c MapMeaagoBbiM. COH Tax^e Ta^eabH, MyHHTeabHMH,
H3MaTMBaro^HH H Heo6bKHoBeHHo 6oraTMH cHMBoaaMH: PacKoabHHKoBMaabHHK aro6HT xogHTb B ^pxoBb, oan^TBoparornyro He6ecHoe Haaaao Ha 3eMae,
TO ecTb gyxoBHocTb, HpaBcTBeHHyro ancTOTy H coBepmeHcTBo; ogHaKo gopora B
^pxoBb npoxogHT MHMO Ka6aKa, KoTopbift Maabanx He aro6HT; Ka6aK - ^TO TO
^yrxoe, MHpcKoe, 3eMHoe, HTO ry6HT B aeaoBexe aeaoBexa.
B c^He y Ka6aKa - ySnftcTBe 6ecnoMom,Hoft aomageHKH Toanoft nbaHbix xyanraHoB
- MaaeHbKHH PacKoabHHKoB nbrraeTca 3amHTHTb HecaacTHoe ^HBoTHoe,
KpnaHT, naaaeT; 3gecb BHgHo, HTO no cBoeft npnpoge OH BoBce He ®;ecToK,
6ecnorn,agHocTb H npe3peHHe K ay^ofi ^H3HH, ga^e aomagHHoft, eMy ayacghi H
Bo3Mo^Hoe Hacnane Hag aeaoBeaecxoH anaHocTbro gaa Hero oMep3HTeabHo,
npoTHBoecTecTBeHHo. 3HaMeHaTeabHo, HTO nocae ^TO^o cHa PacKoabHHKoB
goaroe BpeMa CHOB He BHgHT, ecan He caHTaTb BHgeHHa HaxaHyHe

14.

y6HHCTBa - nycTbiHa H B Hen oa3Hc c roay6ofi Bogofi; 3gecb Hcnoab3yeTca
TpagH^HOHHaa CHMBonHKa ^eTa: roay6ofi - ^eT HHCTOTM H Hage^gbi,
Bo3Bbimarorn,Hfi aeaoBeKa; PacKoabHHKoB xoaeT HanHTbca, 3HaaHT, gaa Hero
ern,e He Bce noTepaHo, ecTb BO3MO^HOCTB oTKa3aTbca OT ‘“3KcnepHMeHTa Hag
co6ofi”.
B ern,e 6oaee 6oae3HeHHoM cocroaHHH (B anxopagKe) repofi cnwmHT, KaK Haba
neTpoBHH aKo6bi H36HBaeT KBaprapHyro xo3afiKy; HO ^TO CKopee MO^HO
Ha3BaTb cayxoBbiMH ^aaaro^HHa^HaMH nan geficTBHTeabHo 6pegoM, ecau yaecTb
noBbimeHHyro TeMnepaTypy, HepBHoe paccTpoficTBo H o6rn.ee pa3gpa^eHHoe
cocroaHHe PacKoabHHKoBa. noao^eHHe CHOB B TKaHH poMaHa TOHKO npogyMaHo,
OHO no3BoaaeT aBTopy cgeaaTb Hy^Hbie a^eHTbi B Hy^Hbix MecTax. TaK, BTopofi
COH PacKoabHHKoB BHgHT HenocpegcTBeHHo nepeg npnxogoM CBHgpnrafiaoBa,
o6pa3a geMoHHaecKoro H cBoeo6pa3Ho oaH^TBoparorn,ero 3ao. COH ^TOT, KaK H
nepBbifi, KomMapHMH: cTapyxa-npo^HTm^a cMeeTca B oTBeT Ha nonbiTKH
PacKoatHHKoBa y6HTb ee. ^ocToeBcKHfi HaraeTaeT, cryrn,aeT KpacKH: cMex y
cTapyxn “3aoBem,Hfi”, roMoH Toanbi 3a gBeptro aBHo Hego6po^;eaaTeabHMH,
3ao6HMH, HacMemaHBMH; COH aeTKo H gocToBepHo oTpa^aeT cocToaHHe
B3BoaHoBaHHon, oTaaaBmefica, MaTyrn,efica gymu repoa, oco6eHHo ycnaHBmeeca
nocae npoBaaa “3KcnepHMeHTa Hag co6ofi”. PacKoabHHKoB oKa3biBaeTca He
HanoaeoHoM, He BaacTeaHHoM, uMemmuM npaBo c aeraocTbro nepecTynaTb aepe3
ay^ne ®H3HH pagn gocTH^eHHa cBoefi ^an; MyKH coBecTH H crpax pa3o6aaaeHHa
geaawT ero ^aaKHM, H cMex cTapyxn - ^TO cMex H Top^ecTBo 3aa Hag He
cyMeBmHM y6HTb B ce6e coBecTb PacKoabHHKoBbiM.
nocaegHHH COH raaBHbifi repofi BHgHT Ha KaTopre, y^e Ha nyra K HpaBcTBeHHoMy
Bo3po^geHHW, raaga Ha CBOM Teopnro gpyrHMH raa3aMH. 3TOT COH MO^HO
TpaKToBaTb no-pa3HoMy; 3gecb HecoMHeHHbi anoKaannTHaecKHe aepTbi,
onncaHHe KOH^ cBeTa KaK pe3yabTaTa pa3BHTHa TeopHH PacKoabHHKoBa (nan
cKopee .Hy^HHa, noToMy HTO Teopna .Hy^HHa - rHnep6oaH3HpoBaHHorpoTecKHbifi BapnaHT TeopHH PacKoabHHKoBa). TaK ^e aeTKo npocae^HBaeTca
noaBaeHHe ^ocToeBcKoro c co^HaaHCTaMH, B TO BpeMa nprobreaBmHMH K
peBoa^HH KaK K egHHcTBeHHo npaBHabHoMy Bbixogy H3 cao^HBmeroca Kpronca;
nncaTeab npopoaecKH onncbmaeT y^acHbe nocaegcTBHa TaKoro nyTH pa3BHTHa,
npu KOTOPOM arogn, 3apa^eHHbe “a3Bofi” - ropgbiHefi, He yBa^aa H He 3aMeaaa
gpyrnx, HaaHHawT 6opoTbca 3a CBOH “npaBa”, nbiTaroTca ae3Tb HaBepx, caHTaa
CBOW Teopnw egHHcTBeHHo BepHofi.
B ^TOM cHe PacKoabHHKoB CMOTPHT Ha CBOW Teopnw no-HoBoMy, BHgHT ee
aHTHryMaHHocTb H pac^HHBaeT ee y^e KaK Bo3Mo^Hyro npnaHHy
Bo3HHKHoBeHHa cHTyagHH, yrpo®;aw^efi no CBOHM nocaegcTBHaM. TaKHM
o6pa3oM, nponcxogHT nepeocMbicaeHHe repoeM cMbicaa ^H3HH, H3MeHeHHe ero

15.

MHpoB033peHHA, nocreneHHoe npnSaH^eHHe K gyxoBHOMy coBepmeHCTBy - TO
ecTb coBepmaeTca HpaBCTBeHHoe Bo3po^geHHe PacKoabHHKoBa, TpygHoe,
6oae3HeHHoe, HO Bee ®:e onHCTHTeabHoe H CBeraoe, KynaeHHoe ^HOH
CTpagaHHa, a Begb HMeHHo nepe3 CTpagaHHe, no MHeHHro ^ocToeBCKoro,
neaoBeK MO^ST npHHTH K HacToarn,eMy cnacTbro.
nopTpeT PacKontHHKoBa, HanncaHHbiH aBTopoM gaHHoro HaM
nporoBegeHHa
O.M.^oCToeBCKHM.
3aK^roneHHe.
B pe3ynbTaTe CBoen pa6oTbi, a npnmea K Bbrnogy, HTO B pa3Hbie BpeMeHa
CHoBHgeHHa o3Hanann pa3Hbie noMbicabi.
COH MO^ST BbiCTynaTb KaK cpegcTBo oTpa^eHHa gencTBHTeabHocTH, KaK KIWH
K noHHMaHHW xapaKTepa repoa — B ^TOM MO^HO y6egHTbca Ha npHMepe CHa
06noMoBa. Bo-BTopbix, COH MO^ST CTaTb npegcKa3aHHeM, npegonpegeaeHHeM
6ygyrn,ero repoeB. HMeHHo TaK BocnpHHHMaeTca COH TaTbaHbi H3 poMaHa
«EBreHHH OHerHB». H, HaKoHe^ COH MO^ST oTpa^aTb ^ronnecKoe H
HpaBCTBeHHoe cocToaHHe Tepoa, HanpHMep CHM PacKoabHHKoBa B poMaHe
^ocToeBCKoro.
COH - BceM H3BecTHoe aBaeHHe B ^TOHH Ka^goro neaoBeKa. nogpo6Hee o HeM Bbi
Mo^eTe y3HaTb B ^TOM npoeKTe.

16.

CnucoK Hcno.ibJOBaHHOH jHTepaTypbi:
https://spb.hse.ru/ixtati/news/377880160.html https://stihi.ru/2018/03/28/7861
https://www.topmedclinic.com/zabolevaniva/lechenie-sna/aktualnost-sna-vsovremennom-mire.html
https: //www.ru.dormeo.com.ua/stativ/kakimi-bvvai ut-snv- 10-raznovidno stej
https://postnauka.ru/longreads/155695 https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/TaTbaHa hapuHa https: //ru.wikipedia. org/wiki/
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/PojHQH PacKOJbHHKOB
https://vk.com/@dreamnnov-osoznannve-snovideniva-v-drevnem-egipte