Electrical system

1.

ELECTRICAL
MENU
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2.

The A320 electrical system looks very much like
electrical systems which you are familiar with. It is simply
more automatic and easier to use.
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MENU
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3.

There are two engine driven generators.
GEN 1
GEN 2
GEN 1
ELECTRICAL
MENU
GEN 2
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4.

The generators maintain a constant speed by a drive
mechanism known as an Integrated Drive Generator (IDG).
ELECTRICAL
GEN 1
GEN 2
IDG 1
IDG 2
MENU
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5.

Each generator supplies Alternating Current (AC) to its
own bus:
• Generator 1 to AC bus 1,
• Generator 2 to AC bus 2.
ELECTRICAL
GEN 1
GEN 2
IDG 1
IDG 2
MENU
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6.

ELECTRICAL
TR 1
TR 2
GEN 1
GEN 2
IDG 1
IDG 2
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7.

Each AC bus supplies its own Transformer Rectifier
(TR):
• AC bus 1 to TR 1,
• AC bus 2 to TR 2.
The TR convert alternating current into direct current
(DC) to supply their associated DC buses, DC 1 and DC 2.
ELECTRICAL
TR 1
TR 2
GEN 1
GEN 2
IDG 1
IDG 2
MENU
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8.

ELECTRICAL
TR 1
TR 2
GEN 1
GEN 2
IDG 1
IDG 2
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9.

DC bus 1 then, feeds the DC BAT bus (DC BAT).
The DC battery bus can charge the batteries or receive
power from the batteries, as required. This will be
explained further in Normal operation.
BAT 1
ELECTRICAL
BAT 2
TR 1
TR 2
GEN 1
GEN 2
IDG 1
IDG 2
MENU
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10.

The electrical system also includes two essential buses.
The first one is the AC ESS bus fed by AC bus 1 and the
second one is the DC ESS bus fed by DC bus 1.
BAT 1
ELECTRICAL
BAT 2
TR 1
TR 2
GEN 1
GEN 2
IDG 1
IDG 2
MENU
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11.

This is the basic electrical system.
We will now introduce some other components which
supply the basic system.
BAT 1
ELECTRICAL
BAT 2
TR 1
TR 2
GEN 1
GEN 2
IDG 1
IDG 2
MENU
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12.

The electrical network can also be supplied by the APU
generator.
BAT 2
BAT 1
TR 2
TR 1
APU GEN
GEN 1
APU GEN
IDG 1
ELECTRICAL
MENU
GEN 2
IDG 2
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13.

These three generators are all identical and any one of
them can supply the entire aircraft electrical needs.
BAT 2
BAT 1
TR 2
TR 1
GEN 1
APU GEN
IDG 1
ELECTRICAL
MENU
GEN 2
IDG 2
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14.

On the ground, the aircraft can be supplied by an
external power source.
BAT 2
BAT 1
TR 2
TR 1
GEN 1
APU GEN
IDG 1
ELECTRICAL
MENU
GEN 2
IDG 2
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15.

As a backup, there is a hydraulically driven EMERgency
electrical GENerator (EMER GEN).
BAT 2
BAT 1
EMER GEN
TR 2
TR 1
GEN 1
APU GEN
IDG 1
ELECTRICAL
MENU
GEN 2
IDG 2
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16.

The hydraulic power to drive the EMER GEN is provided
by a Ram Air Turbine (RAT) located in the belly fairing
which extends in case of severe electrical or hydraulic
failures.
BAT 2
BAT 1
EMER GEN
TR 2
TR 1
GEN 1
APU GEN
IDG 1
ELECTRICAL
MENU
GEN 2
IDG 2
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17.

The electrical system is also fitted with an ESSential
Transformer Rectifier (ESS TR).
We will see the EMER GEN and the ESS TR in detail in
the Abnormal operation module.
BAT 2
BAT 1
EMER GEN
TR 1
ESS TR
TR 2
GEN 1
APU GEN
GEN 2
IDG 1
ELECTRICAL
MENU
IDG 2
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18.

Now, let's see how this information is presented to the
pilots in the cockpit.
We will introduce the ECAM ELEC page.
BAT 2
BAT 1
EMER GEN
TR 1
ESS TR
TR 2
GEN 1
APU GEN
GEN 2
IDG 1
ELECTRICAL
MENU
IDG 2
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19.

You can see that all the components we have talked
about are displayed on the ECAM page. Notice that each
component has a title to aid identification.
Let’s briefly review the basic system using the ECAM
ELEC page.
BAT 2
BAT 1
EMER GEN
TR 1
ESS TR
TR 2
GEN 1
APU GEN
GEN 2
IDG 1
ELECTRICAL
MENU
IDG 2
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20.

GEN 1 and GEN 2 supplying AC bus 1 and AC bus 2.
ELECTRICAL
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21.

TR 1 and TR 2 supplying DC bus 1 and DC bus 2.
ELECTRICAL
MENU
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22.

Two essential busses supplied by the left side.
ELECTRICAL
MENU
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23.

The DC BAT bus and two batteries.
ELECTRICAL
MENU
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24.

For simplification the component indications have been
removed, let’s now present them.
ELECTRICAL
MENU
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25.

As shown, each component can be monitored via its
indications.
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MENU
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26.

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27.

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28.

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29.

These indications are:
• voltage,
• current or load for the generators,
• frequency ,
• IDG temperature.
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MENU
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30.

You can also notice the different connections displayed
via green lines.
Let’s now locate the various controls available to the
pilots and associate them with the components displayed
on the ECAM.
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MENU
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31.

The ELEC panel is located on
the overhead panel .
ELECTRICAL
MENU
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32.

For emergency cases, there is an EMER ELEC
PWR panel on the left side of the overhead panel.
Now let’s look at the relationship between the
ELEC panel and the ECAM ELEC page.
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MENU
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33.

The battery voltage can be
monitored either on the overhead
panel or the ECAM page.
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MENU
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34.

Each battery is controlled by a pb sw.
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MENU
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35.

Both main generators and the APU generator
are controlled by their associated pb sw.
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MENU
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36.

The external power is also controlled by a pb sw.
We will learn how to use it in the Normal
operation modules.
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MENU
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37.

The AC ESS FEED pb sw enables the pilots to
change the feed for the AC ESS bus from AC bus 1
to AC bus 2.
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MENU
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38.

The BUS TIE pb sw enables the
pilots to isolate one side of the
system from the other. You will
see and do this in the abnormal
operation modules.
ELECTRICAL
MENU
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39.

In case of failure, these pb sw enable you to
disconnect an IDG from its drive shaft.
ELECTRICAL
MENU
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40.

The controls and indications on the
EMER ELEC PWR panel will be covered in
the abnormal operation modules.
There is one exception. The EMER GEN
TEST sw is used by maintenance only to
test the emergency generator.
ELECTRICAL
MENU
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41.

In this module, you have seen the electrical
configuration on ground, with both engines
running and with APU generator and external
power available.
We will introduce you to the different possible
configurations in the next modules.
Module completed
ELECTRICAL
MENU
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NEXT

42.

LIST OF SUBJECTS
SYSTEM INTRODUCTION
ECAM ELEC PAGE
PANEL LOCATIONS
ELEC PANEL
EMER ELEC PWR PANEL
AUDIO
GLOSSARY
RETURN
ELECTRICAL
FCOM
EXIT
MENU
System presentation
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