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Cell structure and types 8th grade
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1.1 Cell structure and types8th grade
Yerbol Nurmaganbetov
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Cell - basic unit of lifeAll living organisms are made of one or more cells
Example: Bacteria 1cell
Example:
Human ~75,000,000,000,000 cells
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CellProkaryotes
Eukaryotes
No nucleus
Has nucleus
Bacteria
Animals,
Plants, Fungi,
Protists
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Organelles – parts of the cell which hasits own function
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ProkaryoteEukaryote
Bacteria
Animals, Plants, Fungi,
Protists
Smaller cells
Cell wall, cell membrane,
cytoplasm, no nucleus
Bigger cells (20-100 times)
Cell membrane,
cytoplasm, mitochondria,
ribosomes, chloroplast,
endoplasmic reticulum,
golgi apparatus, lysosome,
vacuole, cell wall
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Cellmembrane
Covers the cell
Controls transport of
materials in or out
All the cells
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Cell wallHard
Protects the cell
Plants, fungi and
some protists
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CytoplasmLiquid part that
fills the cell
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RibosomeMakes protein
All the cells
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MitochondriaProduce energy
Eukaryotes
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Endoplasmicreticulum
Makes proteins
and lipids
Transports proteins
and lipids
Eukaryotes
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Golgiapparatus
Receives
Modifies
Packs
Eukaryotes
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LysosomesSmall sac like
organelles with
digestive enzymes
Intracellular digestion
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ChloroplastMakes
photosynthesis
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VacuolesStorage
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MicrobiologistBacteria can be useful and harmful.
Microbiologists study these bacteria.
They use good things from bacteria;
they can make food or
pharmaceuticals.
Some bacteria can cause illnesses.
Microbiologists study them and help
people not to be ill.
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Record-breaker cellsThe smallest bacteria – Mycoplasma – diameter – 0.2-0.4micrometer
The longest cell – Blue whale’s nerve cell – 10-30 meter long
“Sociable” cell – nerve cell – can connect up to 10,000 cells