Lecture 5

1.

Kazakh-American Free University
Political
Science
Valentina V. Gersonskaya
Autumn 2024

2.

Outline
Forms of government
Autocracy
Democracy
Oligarchy
Junta
Religious government
10/19/2024
Political Science
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3.

Questions
What is the difference between monarchy and
dictatorship?
What is the difference between semiconstitutional and constitutional monarchies?
What is characteristic of subnational
monarchies?
What is bad about oligarchy?
What state has anarchy?
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Political Science
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4.

Forms of Government

5.

WHO RULES ?

6.

Forms of Government
NONE
FEW
ONE
ALL

7.

Autocracy – one person has all
the power.
Monarchy
Dictatorship
Absolute monarchy
One leader has
absolute control over
citizens’ lives.
Constitutional
monarchy
Power is inherited through
family line (first-born son).

8.

Modern Monarchies
Asia – 13
Europe – 12
North America – 10
Oceania – 6
Africa - 3
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9.

Modern Monarchies
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10.

Modern Monarchies - 44
Absolute monarchy
Semi-constitutional monarchy
Constitutional monarchy
Commonwealth realms
Subnational monarchy (traditional)
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11.

Constitutional Monarchies
With real sovereign’s
power
With nominal power
Liechtenstein, Monaco,
Morocco, Jordan, Kuwait,
Bahrain and Bhutan
the United Kingdom and
other Commonwealth
realms, the Netherlands,
Spain, Belgium, Denmark,
Norway, Sweden, Lesotho,
Malaysia, Thailand,
Cambodia, and Japan,
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12.

Commonwealth of Nations
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13.

Commonwealth of Nations
(56 countries)
The United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Modern
Ireland
The Commonwealth of
Australia
Barbados
Antigua and Barbuda
Belize
The Commonwealth of the
Bahamas
Canada
Grenada
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Jamaica
New Zealand
Santa Lucia
The Independent State of
Papua New Guinea
The Federation of Saint Kitts
and Nevis
Saint Vincent and the
Grenadines
Solomon Islands
Tuvalu
Malaisia
Mozambique…
13

14.

Commonwealth Realms -15
countries
Antigua and Barbuda,
Australia, The Bahamas,
Belize, Canada, Grenada,
Jamaica, New Zealand,
Papua New Guinea, Saint
Kitts and Nevis, Saint
Lucia, Saint Vincent and
the Grenadines, Solomon
Islands, Tuvalu, and the
United Kingdom
10/19/2024
Charles III is the
Head of the State. In
14 realms he is
represented
by
governor-general.
Political Science
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15.

The Principality of Andorra
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16.

The Principality of Andorra
Diarchy – Co-princeship
The President of France
The Bishop of Urgell
• Neither Co-Prince is of Andorran descent.
• The President of France is elected by common
citizens of a foreign country (France), but not by
Andorrans as they cannot vote in the French
Presidential Elections.
• The bishop of Urgell is appointed by a foreign head
of state, the Pope.
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17.

Democracy – power of all.
Representative
Direct
Citizens
elect
leaders to represent
their rights and
interests
in
government.
Citizens are directly
involved in the work
of governing the
country.

18.

Democracy
Presidential
Parliamentary
Parliamentary vs.
Presidential Democracy
Explained
https://www.youtube.com
/watch?v=4quK60FUvkY
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19.

Rule of Small Group
Oligarchy
Junta
Small group has all
the power.
Small
group
of
military officers take
over
and
rule
country by force.

20.

Oligarchy
Oligarchy is government of and by few at
the top who exercise power for their own
benefit.
Oligarkes (Gr.: few to rule or command)
Citizens have
government
little
involvement
in
Sparta (28 elders + two kings)
“Hunger Games”
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21.

Types of Oligarchic Control
• Military
• Social Position
• Wealth
• Religion
• Combination of several types
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22.

Law of Oligarchy
Robert Michels “Political Parties”.
Gist:
• All forms of organization and government lead to
oligarchy.
• Most common in representative democracy.
• People are divided into rulers and those ruled.
• The elite is divided into decision-makers who
plan things and those who realize plans.
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23.

Oligarchy in the 1st Gilded Age
The USA (the 1880s - 1904)
Vast inequality
Corruption
Poverty
Hardships for most
Huge riches for a few
The way out: strict regulation of Wall Street and
encouraging Labor unions (trade unions)
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24.

Government by organized money is just as
dangerous as government by organized
mob.
Th. Roosewelt
The 2nd Gilded Age (2000 -)
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25.

Religious Rule - Theocracy
Government that recognizes God or a
divine being as the ultimate authority.

26.

27.

Vatican City
Yemen
Saudi Arabia
Sudan
Iran
Mauritania
Afghanistan

28.

Anarchy – no government and laws.

29.

Questions
What is the difference between monarchy and
dictatorship?
What is the difference between semiconstitutional and constitutional monarchies?
What is characteristic of subnational
monarchies?
What is bad about oligarchy?
What state has anarchy?
10/19/2024
Political Science
29