English

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The Education System of Great Britain

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The British education system is highly organized and regulated, providing a clear
progression from early childhood education to advanced university-level programs. The
system is divided into four main stages:
1. Primary Education (ages 5-11)
2. Secondary Education (ages 11-16)
3. Further Education (Sixth Form or College) (ages 16-18)
4. Higher Education (ages 18+)
Education is compulsory from ages 5 to 18. The National Curriculum dictates the
subjects, content, and skills to be taught across schools in England, with similar systems
in Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. Each stage builds upon the last, allowing
students to develop skills and knowledge in both general and specialized subjects.

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Primary Education: Key Stages 1 and 2
Key Stage 1 (Ages 5-7)
Key Stage 2 (Ages 7-11)
At this stage, students focus on introductory subjects:
In Key Stage 2, the curriculum deepens:
English: Learning to read and write, with emphasis on
phonics, sentence structure, and storytelling.
Mathematics: Basic arithmetic, understanding shapes, and
introduction to measurements.
Mathematics:
Multiplication,
division,
fractions,
and
decimals.
Science: Understanding simple concepts related to nature,
such as animals, plants, and seasons.
• Other Subjects: Art, Music, Physical Education, and
Computing introduce creativity, motor skills, and basic
digital literacy.
English: Advanced reading and writing skills, including
comprehension, grammar, and vocabulary expansion.
Science: Introduction to biology (plants and animals),
chemistry (materials), and physics (simple forces).
Humanities: History and Geography introduce British history
and basic world geography.
• Modern Foreign Language (MFL): Many schools introduce a
second language, such as French or Spanish.

4.

Secondary Education: Key Stages 3 and 4
Key Stage 3 (Ages 11-14)
Key Stage 4 (Ages 14-16)
In Key Stage 3, students broaden their studies to include:
During Key Stage 4, students select specific subjects to study
Core Subjects: English, Mathematics, Science.
Humanities: History, Geography, and Religious Education
subjects include:
(RE).
English Language and Literature
Languages: Many schools require students to study a foreign
Mathematics
Science: This can be either Combined Science (a mix of
language.
for their GCSE exams, which are taken at age 16. Compulsory
Technology and Computing: Basic programming, digital
safety, and computer operations.
• Arts and Physical Education: Art, Drama, Music, and PE are
also included to encourage a well-rounded education
biology, chemistry, and physics) or separate sciences.
Electives may include subjects such as Art, Business Studies,
Engineering, and Sociology. GCSE results play a crucial role in
determining students’ next steps in further education or
vocational training.

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Sixth Form and Further Education Colleges
After GCSEs, students choose to continue their studies at either Sixth Form (attached to a
secondary school or sixth-form college) or a Further Education (FE) College. This stage
focuses on specialized study in preparation for higher education or employment.
1. Sixth Form: Sixth Form students typically pursue A-levels, a set of qualifications that
prepares them for university. Students generally select three or four A-level subjects that
relate to their career goals, such as English Literature, Mathematics, Biology, or History.
2. Further Education Colleges: FE colleges offer more practical qualifications like BTEC
(Business and Technology Education Council) or NVQ (National Vocational
Qualifications). These qualifications focus on specific career skills in fields such as IT,
business, healthcare, and engineering

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Higher Education: Universities and Specializations
The British higher education system offers three main pathways:
1. Undergraduate Degrees: Usually three years (four in Scotland) in subjects like Arts, Science,
and Engineering.
2. Postgraduate Degrees: One-year master’s programs and three to four-year doctoral programs.
3. Vocational Higher Education: Foundation degrees and Higher National Diplomas (HNDs) are
available for specific fields.
British universities are known for high academic standards and research opportunities. Common
degree pathways include Medicine, Law, Business, Engineering, Computer Science, Psychology, and
Literature.
P.S. Next pages are about most popular univercities

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• Year of Foundation: 1096 (the oldest university in the English-speaking world).
• Number of Students: Approximately 24,000 (12,000 undergraduates and 12,000 postgraduate
students).
• Number of Staff: Over 6,000 academic staff members.
• Nobel Laureates: 73 laureates associated with the university (including alumni, researchers, and
faculty).
• Professors and PhDs: About 1,800 professors and senior researchers.
• Historical Number of Students: Over 300,000 alumni throughout its history.
• Fields and Departments: 4 main academic divisions (Humanities, Sciences, Medical Sciences,
Social Sciences) and more than 100 departments.

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THE
UNIVERSITY
OF
CAMBRIDGE

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• Year of Foundation: 1209 (the second-oldest university in the English-speaking world).
• Number of Students: Approximately 24,500 (12,500 undergraduates and 12,000 postgraduate
students).
• Number of Staff: Over 11,000 academic and administrative staff members.
• Nobel Laureates: 121 laureates associated with the university (more than any other institution).
• Professors and PhDs: About 2,000 professors and senior researchers.
• Historical Number of Students: Over 300,000 alumni throughout its history.
• Fields and Departments: 6 main academic schools (Arts and Humanities, Biological Sciences,
Clinical Medicine, Humanities and Social Sciences, Physical Sciences, Technology) and over 150
departments and institutes.

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CREATED BY:
ISMATOV SH.