Lecture 1

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Communication Skills

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Arturo Morales T.
• PhD Candidate
• MBA in Marketing from Sunderland University, B.A in Education
and a Teaching Knowledge Test Diploma (TKT)
• UVM University, British Council, Escuela Bancaria y Comercial,
Richmond Publishing, Westminster University in Tashkent
International Agriculture University.

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Contact
Arturo Morales T.
Communication Skills Lecturer
• [email protected]
• Facebook-Linkedin-Instagram
• NO TELEGRAM

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Communication Skills
The primary goal of this course is to introduce students to foundations of
good communication in various business organization and settings.
Students will gain essential knowledge and skills on transmitting one’s
message in an effective and clear way.

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Learning Objectives
1. Understanding the communication process and recognising that a communicator (speaker or writer) must first
identify receiver(s) of his/her message (prior to selecting material to present)
2. Recognising that clear organisation is essential in preparing any form of communication: interview, business
letters, oral presentation, research, and others
3. Developing an ability to speak effectively, with confidence and clarity (present information and persuasive
appeals)
4. Perfecting writing skills with emphasis on editing, paraphrasing, and correct citing of one’s sources
5. Enhancing effectiveness in study, job search, and work-related activities through application of communication
skills
6. Using communication technology appropriately and effectively
7. Appreciating the diversity and inter-cultural differences as part of the communication process.

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Evaluation
• Class Participation
• Presentation (tutorial)
• Exam
• Attendance is important

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Rules
• Respect
• No Food
• No Mobile
• Be on time
• NO SLEEPING
• Check in and out
• Take active part in the lecture
• ALWAYS bring, notebook, pen or pencil

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What a lecture is?
• A formal talk on a serious subject given to group of people, especially students.
• Lectures are used to convey critical information, history, background, theories, and
equations.

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The process of lecture comprehension
Understanding a lecture is not simply a matter of attending the lecture and listening.
You need to prepare for the lecture by doing some pre-lecture activities;
you need to be active during the lecture by listening for the main points and making
notes;
You need to do follow-up work after the lecture has finished to consolidate
(strengthen) your understanding.

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Pre-lecture
• It is difficult to understand a topic you do not already know something about.
• In general, this will involve reading about the topic ahead of the lecture, and possibly
studying some of the key terms (vocabulary) related to the topic, which can often be
quite specialist
• Lecture
• Your lecturers will expect you to take effective notes of the main points, which
means using symbols and abbreviations to increase speed, as well as making sure
your notes have a clear structure so that you can use them later.
• You may have questions during a lecture, in which case you should make a note of
these to answer later.

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Post-lecture
• When the lecture has finished, your task has not. Your notes may be messy or
incomplete.
• It is important to improve your notes after a lecture, by adding more detail, writing
some full words where you have abbreviations, and by discussing with others and
comparing what they thought were the main points.
References
College of Saint Benedict, Saint John's University (2013) Lecture Note Taking. Available at http://www.csbsju.edu/academic-advising/study-skills-guide/lecture-note-taking
(Access Date 19 August, 2013).

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Communication
• Communication forms a part of your self-concept, and it helps you understand
yourself and others, solve problems and learn new things, and build your career.
• self-concept: What we perceive ourselves to be

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CHAPTER
1
• Effective Business Communication
E ective communication is a learned skill.
You learned what to say and when to say it by the people who surrounded you from early on, from family and
friends to the television and the Internet.
Words that became popular may have become your words, or not.
Communication habits that others expressed may have become your habits, or not.
For example, you didn’t learn to text in a day and didn’t learn all the codes—from LOL (laugh out loud) to BRB
(be right back)—right away.
In the same way, learning to communicate well requires you to read and study how others have expressed
them-selves, then adapt what you have learned to your present task—whether it is texting a brief message to a
friend, presenting your qualifications in a job interview, or writing a business report.

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• E ective communication takes preparation, practice, and
persistence. There are many ways to learn communication
skills; the school of experience, or “hard knocks,” is one of
them.
Hard Knocks is an idiomatic phrase meaning the education one gets from life's usually negative experiences, often
contrasted with formal education.

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Why Is It Important To Communicate Well?
• Communication is key to your success—in relationships, in the workplace, as a citizen of
your country, and across your lifetime. Your ability to communicate comes from
experience.
• Communication Influences Your Thinking about Yourself and Others
• We may lack the words, the expressions, or the experiences to communicate e ectively.
Our perception of our ability to communicate can influence how and when we
communicate.
• Being unable to communicate might even mean losing a part of yourself

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Communication Influences How You Learn
• When you were an infant, you learned to talk over a period of many months.
• When you got older, you didn’t learn to ride a bike, drive a car, or even text a message
on your cell phone in one brief moment.

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Communication Skills Are Desired by Business and Industry
• Oral and written communication proficiencies are consistently ranked in the top ten desirable
skills by employer surveys year after year
• According to the National Association of Colleges and Employers (NACE),[2] the following are
the top five personal qualities or skills potential employers seek:
• Communication skills (verbal and written)
• Strong work ethic
• Teamwork skills (works well with others, group communication)
• Initiative
• Analytical skills

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NACE CAREER READINESS COMPETENCIES
There are eight career readiness competencies, each of which can be
demonstrated in a variety of ways.

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KEY
TAKEAWAY
• Communication forms a part of your self-concept, and it helps you
understand yourself and others, solve problems and learn new things,
and build your career.
• self-concept: What we perceive ourselves to be

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WHAT IS COMMUNICATION?
• While many theories have been proposed to describe, predict, explain and o er an
understanding of the behaviors and phenomena of communication, business is concerned with
results.
• Once you have a better understanding of the process of communication, its essential
components, and the models we use to represent it, you'll be better able to anticipate, predict,
and plan e ective ways to produce those results.

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Defining Communication
• The root of the word “communication” in Latin is communicare, which means to share,
or to make common.
• Communication is defined as the process of understanding and sharing meaning.
• E ective communication is a learned skill.

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• Eight Essential Components of Communication
The communication process involves
understanding, sharing, and meaning
and:
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7.
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Source
Message
Channel
Receiver
Feedback
Environment
Context
Interference

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• Source
• imagine, create, and send the message. In a public speaking situation, the
source is the person giving the speech.
• Message
• Is the stimulus or meaning produced by the source for the receiver or
audience.
• Channel
• Is the way in which a message or messages travel between source and receiver.
• Receiver
• Receives the message from the source, analyzing and interpreting the message
in ways both intended and unintended by the source.
• Feedback
• When you respond to the source, intentionally or unintentionally, you are
giving feedback. Feedback is composed of messages the receiver sends back to
the source. Verbal or nonverbal

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• Environment
• “The environment is the atmosphere, physical and psychological, where you send
and receive messages.” The environment can include the tables, chairs, lighting, and
sound equipment that are in the room.
• Context
• The context of the communication interaction involves the setting, scene, and
expectations of the individuals involved.”[15] A professional communication context
may involve business suits (environmental cues) that directly or indirectly influence
expectations of language and behavior among the participants.
• Interference
• Interference, also called noise, can come from any source. Interference is anything
that blocks or changes the source’s intended meaning of the message.”

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What are communication models?
• According to Denis McQuail’s book Mass Communication Theory, “a
model is a selective representation in verbal or diagrammatic form of
some aspect of the dynamic process of mass communication.”
• In other words, models of communication provide us with a visual
representation of the different aspects of a communication situation.

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Models of Communication
• Transactional
• Is the exchange of messages between sender and receiver where each
take turns to send or receive messages. ... The model is mostly used for
interpersonal communication and is also called circular model of
communication

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Transactional Model:
Transactional models of communication emphasize the interactive and
reciprocal nature of communication, where both the sender and receiver play
active roles in constructing meaning.
When applied to second language acquisition, these models highlight the
importance of interaction, negotiation of meaning, and the social context of
language learning.

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Models of Communication
• Constructivist Model of Communication
• Constructivism seeks to explain how some people are able
to communicate more skillfully than others to achieve certain goals.
• It studies the social, behavioral, cognitive and linguistic aspects that
influence message formation and reception.
02

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Models of Communication
The constructivist model of communication provides insights into second
language acquisition by emphasizing learners' active role in constructing
their understanding of the language.
It highlights the importance of social interaction, cultural context, and the
active construction of knowledge.
This perspective underscores the significance of meaningful communication,
collaborative learning, and the role of social and cultural factors in shaping
language acquisition experiences.

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Models of Communication
• Linear Model of Communication
• Linear communication models suggest that communication takes place only in one
direction.
• The main elements in these models are:
• The channel,
• The sender, and
• The receiver.
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Models of Communication
In the linear model, communication is depicted as a one-way flow of
information from a sender to a receiver, with a focus on the transmission
and reception of messages.

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KEY
TAKEAWAY
• The communication process involves understanding, sharing, and
meaning, and it consists of eight essential elements: source, message,
channel, receiver, feedback, environment, context, and interference.
• Among the models of communication are the transactional process,
in which actions happen simultaneously, and the constructivist
model, which focuses on shared meaning

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COMMUNICATION IN CONTEXT
• Context influences the communication process.
• Contexts can overlap, creating an even more dynamic process.
• You have been communicating in many of these contexts across your
lifetime, and you’ll be able to apply what you’ve learned through
experience in each context to business communication.
• Context: the situation within which something exists or happens, and
that can help explain it

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Intrapersonal communication
• Involves one person; it is often called “self-talk.”
• Communication with yourself.
Interpersonal Communication
Normally involves two people, and can range from intimate and very personal to formal
and impersonal.
Group Communication
Is a dynamic process where a small number of people engage in a conversation.” Group
communication is generally defined as involving three to eight people.

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Public communication
Communication in which one person speaks or writes a message to a group of people
Mass communication
Involves sending a single message to a group
Public communication is sender focused and typically occurs when one person conveys information to an
audience. Mass communication occurs when messages are sent to large audiences using print or
electronic media.

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Responsibilities as a communicator
Communicator Is Prepared
• The Prepared Communicator Is Organized
• The Prepared Communicator Is Clear
• The Prepared Communicator Is Concise and Punctual
Communicator Is Ethical
• The Ethical Communicator Is Egalitarian
• The Ethical Communicator Is Respectful
• The Ethical Communicator Is Trustworthy

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KEY
TAKEAWAY
• Communication contexts include intrapersonal, interpersonal, group,
public, and mass communication. Each context has its advantages and
disadvantages, and its appropriate and inappropriate uses.

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Quiz
Lecture 1

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Thank you