5С (1)

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5c
Grammar in Use

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a
-
the
the
the
the
the
the
-
the
-
the
the
a
the
a
-
the

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1
Past Simple
a complete action in the past.
The plane landed at the airport at nine
o’clock yesterday morning.
(The time is stated. The action is
complete. The plane landed.)
Past Continuous
an action which was in progress at a
stated time in the past;
we do not mention when the action
started or finished.
At five o’clock yesterday morning the
plane was flying to Moscow from Rome.
(We do not know when it left or reached
its destination.)

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2
Past Simple
actions which happened one after
the other in the past.
I saw a beautiful bird in the garden.
I went to get my camera.
The bird flew away.
I returned with my camera.
Past Continuous
two or more actions that were in
progress at the same time.
I was jogging while my brother was
walking our dog.

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3
Past Simple
to talk about the lives of people who
are no longer alive.
Albert Einstein made a lot of scientific
discoveries.
Past Continuous
to describe the atmosphere,
weather or place before we
describe the main event.
The music was playing. Tom was lying
on the sofa and doing nothing.

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Past Simple
Past Continuous
to talk about an action that happened while another action was in progress.
We were still arguing when a bright flash of lightning appeared in the sky.
longer action
shorter action
Past Simple
While I was talking on the phone, someone grabbed me and pulled me
away from the tree.
when + Past Simple
while + Past Continuous
Past Continuous

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Time markers
Past Simple
Past Continuous
yesterday
while
last
when
night/week/month/year
as
two days/weeks/months
all day/morning yesterday
ago
at noon yesterday
then
the whole night yesterday
When … ?
from 5 to 6 yesterday
How long ago...?
in 1992/1845

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1
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Continuous
one past action which happened before
another past action or a stated time in the
past.
older action
shows the duration of an action which
started and finished in the past before
another past action or a stated time in the
past.
younger action
past
present
Past Perfect
Past Simple
She got up late because I had forgotten to set the
alarm clock.
Ben hadn’t slept well the night before, so he was very
tired.
We had been living in the same house for twelve
years before we decided to move.

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2
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Continuous
an action which finished in the
past and whose result was visible
in the past.
an action which lasted for some
time in the past and whose result
was visible in the past.
All the plants on my balcony were
dead. I had watered them too much.
Her feet ached because she had been
shopping all day.

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3
Past Perfect
the past equivalent of the Present Perfect.
Past Perfect Continuous
the past equivalent of the Present Perfect
Continuous.
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Continuous
a) There was no cake left; he had eaten it all.
(The action “had eaten” happened in the past and
the result “there was no cake left” was visible in the
past, too.)
a) Simon was frightened. He had been watching a
horror film for half an hour.
(The action “had been watching” lasted for some
time in the past and the result “was frightened” was
visible in the past.)
Present Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous
b) There is no cake left; he has eaten it all.
(The action “has eaten” happened in the past and
the result “there is no cake left” is still visible in the
present.)
b) Simon is frightened. He has been watching a horror
film for half an hour.
(The action “has been watching” started in the past
and the result “was frightened” is still visible in the
present.)

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Past
Continuous
Past Simple
Past
Continuous
Past Perfect
Past
Continuous
Past Perfect
Continuous
Past Simple
Past Simple
Past
Continuous
Past Simple
Past
Continuous
Past Simple
Past Simple

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Past Simple
Past
Continuous
Past Simple
Past
Continuous
Past Perfect
Past
Continuous
Past Perfect

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1 Our dinner was cold by the time we sat down at the table.
2 I took piano lessons until I was 14 years old.
3 I watched some television after I had finished my dinner.
4 Sarah rushed home as soon as school finished.
5 The children were building sandcastles while their parents were
sunbathing.

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agent's
dry
sickness
cheques

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repellent
screenhair
card sun
book

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DEPENDENT PREPOSITIONS
пешком
on
foot
на каникулах,
в отпуске
on holiday
прибывать
arrive inв
борту
onнаboard

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WORDS OFTEN CONFUSED
transfer
транспорт
transport
передвижение
путешествие
travel
пересечение
принести
bring
пропускать
fetch
терять
lose
сходить за
crossing
miss

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1 Jane rang the travel agent to book her flights.
2 They didn’t transfer my luggage to the next flight.
3 I left my phone at home so I asked Tom to bring it to me.
4 Tourists need to go to the police immediately if they lose their
passports.

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отложенный рейс
уличные торговцы
захватывающий дух вид
эффектный (впечатляющий) пейзаж
ежегодный фестиваль
бесчисленные храмы
пешие экскурсии
горная тропа
установить палатку
надеть рюкзаки
сводить концы с концами
сесть на поезд
сойти с трамвая
сесть в такси
выйти из машины
передвигаться по городу
опоздать на самолет
потерять деньги
переправа на пароме
денежный перевод
способ передвижения
долгое путешествие по Европе
принести карандаши
сходить на кухню за карандашами
a delayed flight
street vendors
a breathtaking view
spectacular scenery
an annual festival
countless temples
trekking excursions
a mountain trail
to put up a tent
to put on backpacks
to get by
to get on the train
to get off the tram
to get in a taxi
to get out of the car
to get around the city
to miss the plane
to lose (the) money
ferry crossing
money transfer
a mode of transport
a long travel around Europe
to bring (the) pencils
to go to the kitchen and fetch the pencils

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REFLECTI
ON
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