01_Flight_controls_System_Presentation

1.

FLIGHT CONTROLS
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2.

We will begin t
his module by ex
plaining the basic
concept of the “Fl
y By Wire“ syste
m.
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3.

This has the adva
ntage of saving weig
ht on the aircraft,
However, there ar
e, even greater adva
ntages as the video
clip will demonstrate.
In conventional a
ircraft, the moveme
nt of the control col
umn is transferred a
long cables and pull
eys, until it reaches
the control surface t
o be moved.
In the A320 famil
y however, the cabl
es and pulleys have
been replaced by el
ectrical wires.
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4.

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5.

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6.

FLIGHT CONTROL
COMPUTERS
The electrical signals created by sidestick movem
ent travel through flight control computers before be
ing passed to the surface hydraulic actuators, also n
amed servo controls.
These computers analyze the signal to check that i
t is a safe command and ensure the optimum flight c
ontrol surface deflection for the demand.
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7.

FLIGHT CONTROL
COMPUTERS
This has advantages over conventional s
ystems. It :
•makes the aircraft extremely stable
,
•enhances safety,
•reduces the workload of the pilot.
Let’s now look at the flight control surfac
es themselves.
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8.

L
AIL
R
AIL
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9.

R
AIL
L
AIL
L
ELEV
R
ELEV
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10.

R
AIL
L
AIL
PITCH TRIM
L
ELEV
R
ELEV
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11.

R
AIL
L
AIL
PITCH TRIM
L
ELEV
RUD
R
ELEV
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12.

SPD BRK
L
AIL
R
AIL
PITCH TRIM
L
ELEV
RUD
R
ELEV
The flight control system incorporates:
•Ailerons,
•Elevators,
•A Trimmable Horizontal Stabilizer (THS) for pitch trim,
•A rudder,
•Ground spoilers/Speed brakes.
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13.

SPD BRK
L
AIL
R
AIL
PITCH TRIM
L
ELEV
RUD
R
ELEV
Now let’s introduce the ECAM F/CTL page.
You can see that all the flight control surfaces
we have talked about are displayed. We will now s
ee them in more detail.
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14.

The movements of both ailerons and both elev
ators are symbolized by a green index moving in fr
ont of a white scale.
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15.

The green rudder symbol is used as an index to display
the movements of the rudder on a white scale.
The rudder trim is indicated by a small blue line below t
he scale.
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16.

Note that the rudder and the pedal deflection
s are limited as a function of speed via a rudder
travel limiter.
High
Highspeed
speedposition
position
The high speed position is indicated by sma
ll white ticks on the rudder scale.
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17.

The PITCH TRIM position is indicated by THS d
eflection in degrees up or down.
Let’s continue with the spoilers.
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18.

The spoilers have several functio
ns:
•Speed brakes use the 3 central s
urfaces,
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19.

•Roll control uses the four outer surf
aces,
On the video, look at the left spoilers
as they deploy, then at the right ones as
the wings are leveled .
Click on the video window to start it !
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20.

•Ground spoilers use all surfaces.
On the video, watch as all the spoilers deploy a
t touchdown.
Click on the video window to start it !
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21.

On the ECAM F/CTL page, the spoiler extended position i
s indicated by small arrows. This is the speed brake case.
All these control surface indications will be explained in
more detail in the normal and abnormal operation modules.
Now, we will look at the flight control computers.
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22.

Flight control computers
SEC 1
ELAC 1
FAC 1
SEC 2
ELAC 2
FAC 2
SEC 3
The movements of the flight control surfaces are managed by seven computers. These are:
•Two ELevator and Aileron Computers (ELAC),
•Three Spoiler and Elevator Computers (SEC),
•Two Flight Augmentation Computers (FAC).
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23.

ELAC 1
ELAC 2
FCDC 1
FCDC 2
SEC 1
SEC 2
In addition, two Flight Control Data C
oncentrator computers (FCDC) are used
to acquire data from the ELAC and SEC.
Then, they send it to the EIS.
SEC 3
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24.

ELAC 1
However, the data from both FAC is s
ent directly to the EIS.
ELAC 2
FCDC 1
FCDC 2
SEC 1
SEC 2
FAC 1
SEC 3
FLIGHT CONTROLS
FAC 2
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25.

ELAC 1
ELAC 2
SEC 1
SEC 2
SEC 3
The status of ELAC and SEC is indicated on the ECAM F/
CTL page. The other computers are not displayed.
These indications will be seen in more detail in the abnor
mal operation module.
Now, we will see the hydraulic aspect.
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26.

Three independent hydraulic systems are used to power all the flight control surfaces.
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27.

The hydraulic systems which actuate each contr
ol surface are indicated on the ECAM F/CTL page b
y the use of G, B and Y.
For example, the rudder is powered by the Gree
n, Blue and Yellow hydraulic systems.
The ECAM F/CTL page is now complete.
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28.

Pilots control pitch and roll through two side stic
ks.
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29.

There are associated side stick p
riority lights.
Side sticks and priority lights will
be explained in a separate module.
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30.

Pitch trim wheels are located on th
e center pedestal.
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31.

There are two sets of conventi
onal rudder pedals.
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32.

A RUD TRIM panel is located on t
he pedestal.
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33.

A speed brake lever is located on t
he left side of the pedestal.
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34.

In addition, there are two panels, located o
n the overhead panel to control the flight cont
rol computers .
Now, we will introduce the lift augmentatio
n devices.
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35.

There are 5 slats on each leadi
ng edge ...
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36.

and 2 flaps on each trailing edg
e.
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37.

SFCC 1
SFCC 2
The slats and flaps are hydraulically actuated like
all the other surfaces. They are electrically controlled
via two Slat Flap Control Computers (SFCC).
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38.

SFCC 1
SLAT CHANNEL
FLAP CHANNEL
SFCC 2
SLAT CHANNEL
FLAP CHANNEL
Each SFCC has two channels, one for the flaps an
d one for the slats.
Each channel can drive its associated surfaces.
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39.

The flap lever, located on the right si
de of the pedestal, operates the slats a
nd flaps.
The flap lever has the following posit
ions:
0, 1, 2, 3 and FULL.
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40.

The flaps and slats information is shown on the E/WD.
The flap and slat positions are indicated by white dots. H
ere, the surfaces are extended to position 1+F.
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41.

This is Flap 0 indication. Notice there is no labeling with t
his setting.
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42.

The slats and flaps are fitted with prot
ection functions.
In particular, Surface asymmetry betw
een left and right wing, Surface attachme
nt failure, Overspeed or uncommanded m
ovement are detected.
All these protections will be seen in d
etail in the abnormal operation modules.
Module completed
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MENU
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NEXT

43.

LIST
LIST OF
OF SUBJECTS
FLIGHT BY WIRE
FLIGHT CONTROL SURFACES
ECAM PAGES
COMPUTERS
HYDRAULIC
CONTROLS
SLATS and FLAPS
AUDIO
GLOSSARY
RETURN
FLIGHT CONTROLS
FCOM
EXIT
MENU
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