11. Agriculture new

1. Lesson: Geography of Kyrgyz Republic Subject: Agriculture of Kyrgyz Republic

Lecturer: Emilbek Zholdoshbekov
emilbek.zholdoshbekov@alatoo.edu.kg

2.

Content
• Introduction.
• Development of agriculture.
• Land use in KR.
• Animal husbandry.
• Crop production.
• Problems of agriculture.

3. Introduction

• Agriculture is a branch of the economy providing the population with
food and raw materials for a light industry (textile).
• An intensive agriculture involves the use of modern technology,
selection, the mandatory use of mineral fertilizers, pest control, hightech agricultural technologies, the use of genetic engineering and
biotechnology and, as a result, high labour productivity.
• An extensive agriculture (opposed to intensive farming) is a type of
farming in which the indicators of mechanization, chemicalization, land
reclamation and other progressive agricultural technologies are very
low, as are the indicators of labour productivity.
• The agro-industrial complex (AIC) unites all sectors of the economy
involved in the production of agricultural products, their processing and
delivery to the consumer. The importance of the agro-industrial
complex lies in providing the country with food and some other
consumer goods.

4. Introduction

• Kyrgyzstan is a mountainous agrarian country. Agriculture in
Kyrgyzstan is one of the leading sectors of the economy. In the
total volume of the country's gross domestic product, the share
of agriculture is 16%.
• In addition, about 65.0% of the country's population lives in rural
areas. 34.0% of the total population of the country are employed
in agriculture (in developed countries 1-3%). These data show
that agriculture in Kyrgyzstan has not only economic, but also
great social and political importance.

5. Development of agriculture

• Until the 1920s, nomadic animal husbandry prevailed. Agriculture
was poorly developed. Agriculture was carried out in an extensive
way, there was a low productivity of animal husbandry,
productivity of agricultural plants.
• In the Soviet period, due to land and water reforms, the nomadic
people are moving to a settled way of life. In 1940, 36 state
farms, 1732 collective farms, and 65 machine and tractor stations
appeared in the country. Work is underway to improve the breed
of livestock, work to create productive varieties of agricultural
plants, provide agricultural equipment, electrification (1935),
increase the area of ​irrigated land, apply mineral fertilizers. As a
result, complex mechanization and electrification of agriculture in
the future will create conditions for intensive development of
agriculture and an increase in its production.

6.

Land use of Kyrgyzstan

7. Land use of Kyrgyzstan

although the map is called barley production area, it reflects allocation of arable land

8. Animal husbandry

• The role and importance of animal husbandry in Kyrgyzstan is determined by
the following objective factors:
• The presence on the territory of the country of large area of natural highmountainous pastures and hayfields makes it possible to produce
economically cheap and environmentally friendly food products and highquality raw materials for the processing industry).
• Stable demand (which still has a tendency to constant growth) for livestock
products in the republic, in the region, and also, in general, in the world.
• Lack of other areas of employment, especially in the highlands of the country,
where extensive livestock farming remains the only source of income for
residents of local communities.
• Historical tradition of the Kyrgyz people.

9. Animal husbandry

• Livestock in 1st of November 2022 included:
• 6.3 million chickens (20.2 % in Chui oblast).
• 6.2 million sheep and goats (22.2% In Jalal-Abad, 18.2% Naryn, 18.1% Osh
oblasts)
• 1.7 million cattle (22.3% in Osh, 20.8% Jalal-Abad, 17.6% Chui and 15.3 YsykKol oblasts).
• 0.5 million horses (26.7 % in Naryn, 18.5% Osh, 17.7% Ysyk-Kol, 16.2% JalalAbad and 14.2% in Batken oblasts)
• 25 000 pigs (97% in Chui oblast).
• 58.3 thousands of yaks (48% in Naryn, 25% in Ysyk-Kol oblasts).
• Meat production in 2022 totalled 248 thousand tons; cow's milk 1.7 million
tons; wool (greasy), 12 939.4 tons; and eggs, 0.56 billion items, honey - 2.8
thousand tons.

10. Crop production

• The gross harvest of crop production in 1st of November 2022 was, in
thousand tons: grain – 1 899.1, incl. wheat - 625.2, barley - 542.1, corn –
108.3, legumes – 848.5, rice – 11.6, vegetation oil – 19.9, cotton – 73.0,
tobacco – 1.2, sugar beet – 289.8, potatoes – 1 261.4, vegetables– 1 079.1,
melons – 225.1, fruits – 267.1.
• The demand of the population of Kyrgyzstan for grain of own production is not
satisfied. The volume of annual wheat consumption in Kyrgyzstan is about
800-900 thousand tons, Kyrgyzstan itself annually produces about 600
thousand tons of wheat and provides the domestic market by 70%.
• The produced crop production mainly remains within the republic, only
potatoes (26.2%) and vegetables and melons (18.8%) are exported.

11. Problems of agriculture

• With the increase in the population and the systematic alienation of
land for non-agricultural needs, the size of arable land per inhabitant of
the republic over the past 20 years has decreased from 0.43 to 0.3
hectares, including irrigated - from 0.27 to 0.195 hectares. By 2030,
0.18 and 0.1 hectares are forecasted, respectively.
• The overloading of pastures with livestock, practiced in the last 25-30
years, has led to a drop in their yield by an average of 4 times, to their
overgrowth with weeds and poisonous vegetation, to downsizing and
other types of erosion. The anthropogenic impact on pastures is
aggravated by the same natural factors that affect the soil cover. The
degree of pasture degradation can be classified as severe or very
severe. At present, due to a sharp decline in the number of livestock,
their natural restoration has begun on distant pastures.

12. Glossary

Agriculture: the science and out of cultivating the soil, raising crops and reaching
livestock. It is also called farming.
Agro-climatic: the climatic and land resource conditions in totally with are crucial for
the development of agriculture.
Land resources:
Intensive agriculture: farming with large amount of capital and labour are applied per
unit area of land, in order to obtain highly yield.
Crop rotation: growing of different crops in succession on the same field from season
to season to maintain soil fertilely.
Cereals: crops where the seeds are the main product e.g. wheat, corn.
Crops: cereals, vegetables and fruit grown by people.
Dairy Farm: one which specialises in dairy cows, producing milk, butter, cheeses,
yoghurt etc.
Extensive Farm: one with low capital inputs; it usually covers a large area and has a low
output per hectare.
Irrigation: the artificial watering of the land.
Soil Conservation: methods of protecting the soil from erosion e.g. hedges, terraces,
contour ploughing, strip cropping.
Yield: how many crops a particular field, farm, or area of land produces. It also applies
to milk (yields) from dairy cows.

13. Thank you for attention