Sentence

1.

SENTENCE
The finite verb, expressing the basic predicative meaning of
the sentence and performing the function of the predicate, and
the subject combined with it form the so-called “predicative
line” of the sentence.
On the basis of predicative line presentation, sentences are
divided into monopredicative (with one predicative line
expressed), i.e. simple, and polypredicative (with two or more
predicative lines expressed), i.e. composite.

2.

Sentence
Monopredicative (or simple)
Polypredicative (or composite)

3.

On the basis of their representation in the outer structure,
sentences are subdivided into “two-member sentences” and
“one-member sentences”
In “two-member sentences” or “two-axis sentences” both the
subject group and the predicate group are present; if only one
axis is expressed in the outer structure of the sentence, the
sentence is defined as “one-member sentence” or “one-axis
sentence”.

4.

Simple sentences
One-member (or one-axis sentences)
Two-member (or two-axis sentences)

5.

Traditionally, one-axis sentences and elliptical sentences are
distinguished in the following way: only those sentences in which the
nominative parts are contextually omitted are considered to be
elliptical, e.g.: Who is there? – Your brother.
Since the missing parts are easily restored (“understood”) from the
context, elliptical sentences are treated as two-member sentences.
“Genuine” one-member sentences are traditionally treated as those
which do not imply the missing member on contextual lines, e.g.:
Midnight.

6.

On the basis of subject categorial meaning, sentences are divided
into impersonal, e.g.: It drizzles; There is no use crying over spilt
milk; and personal; personal sentences are further subdivided into
human and non-human.
Human sentences are further subdivided into definite, e.g.: I know
it; and indefinite, e.g.: One never knows such things for sure.
Non-human sentences are further subdivided into animate, e.g.: A
cat entered the room; and inanimate, e.g.: The wind opened the
door.
Impersonal sentences may be further subdivided into factual, e.g.: It
drizzles; and perceptional, e.g. It looks like rain.

7.

Simple sentence
Impersonal
Personal
non-human
human
Definite
(I know it)
Factual
(It rains)
Indefinite
(One knows it)
Animate
(The cat opened
the door)
Inanimate
(The wind opened
the door)
Perceptional
(It looks like rain)

8.

On the basis of predicate categorial meaning, sentences
are divided into process featuring (“verbal”) and
substance featuring (“nominal”);
process featuring sentences are further subdivided into
actional, e.g.: I play ball; and statal, e.g.: I enjoy your
party;
substance featuring sentences are further subdivided into
factual, e.g.: She is clever; and perceptional, e.g.: She
seems to be clever.

9.

Simple sentence
Nominal
Verbal
Actional
(I play football)
Statal
(I enjoy your party)
Factual
(She is clever)
Perceptional
(She seems to be clever)

10.

In practical courses on grammar, various
subdivisions of simple sentences are usually
based on the structure of the predicate:
predicates are subdivided into simple (I read)
and compound, which are further subdivided
into compound verbal predicates (She started
crying) and compound nominal predicates
with pure and specifying link verbs (She
looked beautiful).

11.

Predicate
Simple
Compound
I read
Nominal
(She is clever)
Verbal
(She started crying)

12.

How are you, my dear? Keeping well
1.
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