Our hidden world

1. Our Hidden World

Struzhkova A.,11“A”

2.

The underground! What associations arise up at mention of this word?
Crush at the stations, long boring spans between them, iterative from
year to year route. But any passenger can convert an ordinary journey
into a subway in a fascinating trip, if he will be attentive enough and
curious. Laws, which motion of trains submit to, have the features.
They distantly remind the rules of the road, but much more interesting.
For example, only types of traffic-lights here are about ten. To
traditional red, yellow and green signals in a subway the blue and
white are added, thus on one traffic-light can burn at once a few lights.

3. The fastest kind of transport

All the trains of subway run by timetable. Not a train will be overtaking or prevent
the other and wait for its turn to pass. By the graph the rate of movement, time of
stand at the stations, amount of trains on a line, sufficient for them to transport all
people and don't form a congestion, are foreseed. Speed and amount of trains
change depending on time and day of week.
Any passenger can learn, what speed a journey will pass with, looking at a little
tablet at the beginning of tunnel. If there are no special difficulties on the span,
permitted speed is usually 75-85 km/h, and if ahead there is a steep slope or a lot of
sharp turns (they are named of small radius), a speed limit decrease to 60 and lower.

4.

Journey along ArbatskoPokrovskaya or Filevskaya
lines in a being late train can
grow into keen attraction.
Although old trains of "Е"
series which there dwell yet,
can not be dispersed over 90
km/h even down the slope, a
journey even at a speed of 70
km/h on the winding bank of
Moskva-river between the
stations "Kutuzovskaya" and
"Fili" will remained in
memory for a long time.

5. Traffic signs

Almost on all lines of subway traffic-lights
work. If green light shines it means that a
previous train left very far and it is possible to
boldly disperse to 80 km/h. Yellow with green
mean that it is necessary to reduce speed to
60 km/h. Only yellow light talks that the tail
of previous train hides after the next trafficlight. Red, as on the road, forbids motion.
Thus its evidence will change to the
determinant one not after a lapse of time, but
when a road will indeed be free. Those who
wish to hog will be disappointed: trafficlights and trains are arranged in that way, so
at the least exceeding of speed or attempting
to pass on a red train will stop. Genius
hackers can be untroubled: these devices are
mechanical and not subjected to the viruses.

6.

At sending toward outskirts on a traffic-light it is possible to see two yellow fires. They warn a
machinist that a train must leave aside on a pointer.
On lines basic traffic-lights are usually disconnected, in fact trains on them are equipped the system
automatic locomotive signaling and automatic control of speed (ALS-ACS) which chooses the safe
rate of movement taking into account distance to the last train. Thus as a basic mean of signaling the
special traffic-lights with blue signals are used. A blue light allows motion with speed, indicated on
an informational tablet. Except traffic-lights in a subway there are different tablets with signs: it is
pointers of end of acceleration, beginning and end of braking, slope, funny yellow flashlights of
temporal limitation of speed.

7. Building subway

It is impossible to lay tunnels where
you like. Yet in the stage of planning
and building the exactly expected
sizes of slopes and rises are set. In
fact an electric train, even if it is
equipped by super-power engines,
will not be able to overcome the rise
more than 60 thousandth (60 meters
on the kilometer of way) - force of
coupling of wheels with rails will not
be enough.

8.

Contact rail which every passenger knows about is only small part of electric
communications of subway. Lines of feed, illumination, connection, pointers
and traffic-lights management, ALS-ACS, communications of controllers', and
also water system, drainage and ventilation are layed on the stage of planning.

9.

Absolute majority of trains
on the railway and almost
half of trains in a subway are
managed by a locomotive
brigade,
consisting
of
machinist and helper. A place
of helper is on the left. His
duty includes to watch after
signals, open and close the
doors and declare stops by a
tape recorder. Shut the a door
and made sure that nobody
had stucked in them, a helper
told to machinist " Forward"
and a train leaves.

10.

Profession of machinist is one of the most exigent to the physical and psychical health.
For shift the machinist of capital underground does eight-nine wheels (complete routes
on a line in both directions) along dark tunnels. To save calmness and self-control by
hours, response for thousands of passengers, it is needed to have steel nerves. Machinists
regularly pass tests for a psychologist, which can last more than four hours. It is possible
to enter consulting room as a machinist, and to go out as unemployed person.
Have a good journey!