Overview of immune system

1. Overview of immune system

2. The immune system consist of two interconnected arms

Innate immunity
• Detect molecular components shared with all
pathogens
Adaptive immunity
• Molecular components (“antigenes”) specific
to individual pathogen

3. Innate immunity

4. Components of innate immunity

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8. Pathogen recognition

The receptors of the innate immune system recognize
conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns
(PAMPs).
Receptors are called pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs)

9. Protein recognition receptors:

10. Protein recognition receptors: Toll-like receptors

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12. Protein recognition receptors: C-type lectin receptors

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14. Cytokine

Cytokine are broad family of small proteins
(5-20 kDa) that are important in cell signaling.

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17. Cytokine/anticytokine therapy

Therapies have been developed with the express
aim to block/inhibitor restore the activity of
specific cytokines.

18. Adaptive immune system

19. Major players T and B lymphocytes

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21.

22. Humoral immunity B cells

1)Fab region
2)Fc region
3)Heavy chain (blue) with
one variable (VH) domain
followed by a constant
domain (CH1), a hinge
region, and two more
constant (CH2 and CH3)
domains
4)Light chain (green) with
one variable (VL) and one
constant (CL) domain
5)
Antigen binding site
(paratope)
Hinge regions

23. Origen of diversity – alternative splicing

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25. Function of antibodies

• Prevent adhesion of pathogens (bacteria and
viruses)
• Neutralize toxins
• Opsonization of bacteria
• Complement activation

26. Adaptive immune system Cellular immunity

27. Cellular immunity

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29. Origen of variation in TCR

30. How to know what happening in the cell?

31. MHC with peptide

32. Killer kiss

33. Cancer cells can inhibit T-cells

34. T-CAR