Yerevan, Armenia

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Yerevan, Armenia
By Martirosyan Anna
10.1 grade, school №93

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Yerevan is the capital and largest city of Armenia as well as one of the world's oldest continuously
inhabited cities. Situated along the Hrazdan River, Yerevan is the administrative, cultural, and
industrial center of the country. It has been the capital since 1918, the thirteenth in the history of
Armenia, and the seventh located in or around the Ararat plain.
The history of Yerevan dates back to the 8th century BC, with the founding of the fortress of Erebuni
in 782 BC by king Argishti I at the western extreme of the Ararat plain. Erebuni was "designed as a
great administrative and religious centre, a fully royal capital." By the late ancient Armenian
Kingdom, new capital cities were established and Yerevan declined in importance. Under Iranian
and Russian rule, it was the center of the Erivan Khanate from 1736 to 1828 and the Erivan
Governorate from 1850 to 1917, respectively. After World War I, Yerevan became the capital of the
First Republic of Armenia as thousands of survivors of the Armenian Genocide in the Ottoman
Empire arrived in the area. The city expanded rapidly during the 20th century as Armenia became
part of the Soviet Union. In a few decades, Yerevan was transformed from a provincial town within
the Russian Empire to Armenia's principal cultural, artistic, and industrial center, as well as
becoming the seat of national government.

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The Republic Square, the Yerevan Opera Theatre, and the Yerevan Cascade are among the main
landmarks at the centre of Yerevan, mainly developed based on the original design of the academician
Alexander Tamanian, and the revised plan of architect Jim Torosyan.
A major redevelopment process has been launched in Yerevan since 2000. As a result, many historic
structures have been demolished and replaced with new buildings. This urban renewal plan has been
met with opposition and criticism from some residents, as the projects destroy historic buildings
dating back to the period of the Russian Empire, and often leave residents homeless.Downtown
houses deemed too small are increasingly demolished and replaced by high-rise buildings.

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The Republic Square

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Yerevan Opera Theatre

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Yerevan Cascade

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The Saint Gregory Cathedral, the new building of Yerevan City Council, the new section of Matenadaran
institute, the new terminal of Zvartnots International Airport, the Cafesjian Center for the Arts at the
Cascade, the Northern Avenue, and the new government complex of ministries are among the major
construction projects fulfilled during the first two decades of the 21st century.
Aram Street of old Yerevan and the newly-built Northern Avenue are respectively among the notable
examples featuring the traditional and modern architectural characteristics of Yerevan.

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The Mesrop Mashtots Institute
of Ancient Manuscripts
(Armenian: Մեսրոպ Մաշտոցի
անվան հին ձեռագրերի ինստիտուտ
(Mesrop Mashtots'i anvan hin
dzeragreri institut)), commonly
referred to as the Matenadaran
(Armenian: Մատենադարան), is a
repository of ancient manuscripts,
research institute and museum in
Yerevan, Armenia. It holds one of
the world's richest depositories of
medieval manuscripts and books
which span a broad range of
subjects, including theology,
philosophy, history, medicine,
literature, art history, and
cosmography in Armenian and many
other languages.

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Saint Gregory Cathedral

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Northern Avenue

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