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Rule 412: The Rape Shield Rule
1. Rule 412: The Rape Shield Rule
2. How does Rule 412(a) change Rule 404?
• Mercy Rule–R 412 prevents D from offering
Victim propensity evidence.
• 404(b)
–R 412 prevents use of prior
victim conduct (“prior sexual
behavior) even if it is not being
used for propensity.
3. What are the “Criminal Case Exceptions” under Rule 412(b)(1)?
• (A) Other source of physicalevidence;
• (B) Consent (Narrow);
• (B) Offered by the prosecution
(Indecipherable); and
• (C) Constitutionally required.
4. (A) Other source of physical evidence:
• Specific acts• To show alternative source of:
–Physical evidence, such as
• Semen, or
• Injury
5. (B) Consent:
• Specific acts•With the accused
• To show consent
6. (B) Offered by the Prosecution:
• Specific acts• With the accused
•Offered by the
prosecutor
7. (C) Constitutionally Required
Any evidence thatit would be
unconstitutional to
exclude
8. What is the “Civil Case Exception”?
• Sexual–Behavior, or
–Predisposition
• If
–Otherwise admissible, and
–Passes Special Balancing Test
• But
–No reputation
–Unless victim opens the door
9. 403 Balancing
1 Admit4 Admit
3 Admit
2 Admit
5 Exclude
10. Special 412 Balancing
1 Admit4 Exclude
3 Exclude
2 Exclude
5 Exclude
11. Regular 403 Balancing
SpecialRegular
403
412
Balancing
Balancing
1 Admit
Admit
4 Exclude
Admit
3 Exclude
Admit
2 Exclude
5 Exclude
12. Factors in the 403 Balance
Risk of ConfusionWaste of Time
Probative Value
Prejudicial Effect
13.
New Factor inthe 412 Balance
Other Harm to the
Victim
Risk of Confusion
Waste of Time
Probative Value
Prejudicial Effect
14. Rule 403 reflects a
strong preferencefor
admission
15. Rule 412 reflects a
strong preferencefor
exclusion
with weight given to
harm to V