Medieval Russia. (Lecture 3)

1. History. Lecture 3.

2. What do we find in Europe ca. 1000?

• Disintegration of the early mediaeval polities (the
Empire of Charlemagne, Kievan Rus’ etc.).
• Feudal fragmentation
• Formation of the feudal system and seigniorial
order
• The beginnings of the new urban growth (since
the Roman times)
• Climatic warming and internal colonization
• New type of society

3. Feudal fragmentation

4. Feudal fragmentation in Russia

5. Feudal system and seigniorial order

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

How many knights could the feudal
system afford?

11.

12.

13.

14.

15. Constant political struggle

16. Crisis!!! Feudal wars!!! (1000 - 1100)

17. Crisis in medieval Europe: ad mortem festinamus

18. Great Byzantine empire and Seljuk Turks

19.

20. Turks next to Constantinople

21. Ἀλέξιος Α' Κομνηνός (1056/1057 — 1118)

22. Council of Clermont (1095)

23. Council of Clermont (1095)

24. First crusade (1096 – 1099)

25. Godfrey of Bouillon

26. …his brother Eustace III, Count of Boulogne…

27. …his brother Baudouin de Boulogne, who will become the 1st Latin king of Jerusalem

28. Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse / Raymond de Saint-Gilles

29. Hugh, Count of Vermandois, a younger son of Henry I of France and Anne of Kiev

30. Stephen, Count of Blois, father of Stephen of England

31. Robert "Curthose”, Duke of Normandy claimant to the throne of England

Robert "Curthose”, Duke of Normandy
claimant to the throne of England

32. Robert II, Count of Flanders

33. Bohemond I de Hauteville, Prince of Taranto -> 1st Prince of Antioch

Bohemond I de Hauteville, Prince of
Taranto -> 1st Prince of Antioch

34. …and his nephew Tancred de Hauteville -> Prince of Galilee

…and his nephew Tancred de
Hauteville -> Prince of Galilee

35. First crusade (1096 – 1099)

36. First crusade (1096 – 1099)

37. The crusader states

38. The following crusades

39. The Second Crusade (1145–1149) - response to the fall of the County of Edessa to the forces of Zengi

Louis VII of France
Raymond de Poitiers
Conrad III
Hohenstaufen
of Germany
Roger II de
Hauteville of
Sicily
Baldwin III of
Jerusalem
Imad ad-Din Zengi

40. Ṣalāḥ ad-Dīn Yūsuf ibn Ayyūb (1137 or 1138 – March 1193)

… united the
Muslims and
conquered
Jerusalem in
October
1187!!!

41. The participants of the Third Crusade (1189–1192). It was pan-European!

• King Richard the
Lionheart
• King Philip Augustus
• Duke Hugh III of
Burgundy
• Count Theobald V of
Blois
• Count Henry II of
Champagne
• Guy of Lusignan
• Humphrey IV of
Toron
• Balian of Ibelin
• Count Raymond III
of Tripoli
Count Joscelin III of
Edessa
Prince Raynald of
Châtillon
Grand Master
Robert de Sablé
Grand Master
Garnier de Nablus
Master Sibrand
Emperor Frederick
Barbarossa
Duke Frederick VI of
Swabia
Leopold V, Duke of
Austria
Marquis Conrad of
Montferrat
Duke Děpolt of
Bohemia
Markward von
Annweiler
Albert II of
Brandenburg
Lord Levon of
Armenia
Prince Géza of
Hungary

42. The Third Crusade (1189–1192)

43. The Third Crusade (1189–1192)

44. The fourth crusade (1204)

45. The aftermath of the crusades

46. Latin Romania Colonial expansion of the Genoese republic

47. The Mongol conquest

48. Political struggle

49. The Treaty of Nymphaeum and the restoration of the Byzantine Empire

50. The gates of the Black Sea Pera (Galata) in Constantinople

51. The Genoese tower in Galata

52. Trebizond

53. Southern Black Sea – Samastro (Amastris)

54. What about Crimea?

55. Genoese possessions in Crimea (by late 14th c.)

56. Caffa is famous for transmitting the Black Death to Europe, but believe me, there are many other reasons why this city can be interesting

57. Caffa nowadays

58. … a multicultural society in the Middle Ages

59. Caffa – the main pivot of the Genoese colonial empire

60. Soldaia (nowadays Sudak)

61. Cembalo…

62. Also known as Balaklava and Symbolon Limen (Homer, Odyssey, X, 87 - 94.)

ἔνθ᾽ ἐπεὶ ἐς λιμένα κλυτὸν ἤλθομεν, ὃν πέρι πέτρη
ἠλίβατος τετύχηκε διαμπερὲς ἀμφοτέρωθεν,
ἀκταὶ δὲ προβλῆτες ἐναντίαι ἀλλήλῃσιν
ἐν στόματι προύχουσιν, ἀραιὴ δ᾽ εἴσοδός ἐστιν,
ἔνθ᾽ οἵ γ᾽ εἴσω πάντες ἔχον νέας ἀμφιελίσσας.
αἱ μὲν ἄρ᾽ ἔντοσθεν λιμένος κοίλοιο δέδεντο
πλησίαι: οὐ μὲν γάρ ποτ᾽ ἀέξετο κῦμά γ᾽ ἐν αὐτῷ,
οὔτε μέγ᾽ οὔτ᾽ ὀλίγον, λευκὴ δ᾽ ἦν ἀμφὶ γαλήνη:

63.

64. Tana (nowadays Azov)

65. Massariae Caffae (ASG, San Giorgio)

66. Massariae report a great amount of data on the history of business and trade dynamics.

67. Caffiote embassy to Mamai, a powerful military in the 1370s.

68.

69. The author of the sources depicted by himself

70.

71.

• Notice the individual
sign of the notary and
the signatures of the
witnesses

72.

73. Modern colonialism?

The concept of continuity, or in other
words the absence of a gap, between the
Middle Ages and modern times can be
applied to colonial history in the strict
sense.
Charles Verlinden, The Beginnings of Modern Colonization, Ithaca, N.Y., and
London, 1970, xvi.

74. Транснациональная история (World / Global / Transnational History)

Транснационал
ьная история
(World / Global
/ Transnational
History)

75. Pax Mongolica, affecting all Eastern Europe and Russia

76. What about Russia in the 11th – 13th centuries?

Constant political struggle
Feudal fragmentation
Interacting with the world of steppe
Fighting the Turkic tribes
Tatar-Mongol invasion
Resisting challenges from the North-West
Development of the new political formations

77. Constant political struggle

78.

Борис и Глеб на конях. Икона. XIV век.

79.

80.

81.

82.

83.

The world of STEPPE

84.

85.

86. После побоища Игоря Святославича с половцами

87.

88.

89.

Мозаика: «Комсомольская – кольцевая». 1963.

90.

Корин. Реквием. Эскиз

91.

Корин. Портрет М. К. Холмогорова. 1944

92.

93.

Александр Невский, князь Новгорода,
разбил немецких.
Сергей Эйзенштейн «Александр Невский»

94.

Александр Невский. Ф. Моллер. 1856 г.

95.

Ю.П.Пантюхтг. За Землю Русскую!
Александр Невский,
левая часть триптиха, холст ,масло
Соколов-Скаля П.П.
Народ. Эскиз. 1941 г.

96.

Щербаков А. Дзысь И.
Ледовое побоище

97.

98.

99. Видение отроку Варфоломею

100.

101.

102.

103.

104.

105.

106. Нестеров Михаил Васильевич. Автопортрет. 1915.

Нестеров Михаил Васильевич. Автопортрет. 1915
.

107. ВЕЛИКИЙ ПОСТРИГ

108. М.В.Нестеров. Труды преподобного Сергия. Триптих (фрагмент)

109. СТРАННИК НА БЕРЕГУ РЕКИ

110. «ОТЦЫ ПУСТЫННИКИ И ЖЕНЫ НЕПОРОЧНЫ»

111. Нестеров Михаил Васильевич. Юность Преподобного Сергия.

112. На Руси (Душа народа)