US legal system

1. US legal system

Done by Viktoriya Smagina

2. “Equal Justice Under Law”

3. Article II of the US Constitution says that “the judicial power of the United States, shall be vested in the supreme court, and

in such inferior courts as
the Congress may from time to time establish”.

4. The Judiciary Act of 1789

The
Supreme Court
The U.S. Courts of Appeals
District courts

5. The Supreme Court

the highest court in the land;
the court of final appeal;
rules in cases in which
someone claims there has
been a violation of the
US Constitution;
hears a select number of
cases that may have
originated either in lower
federal courts or in state courts

6. The Supreme Court

7. The U.S. Courts of Appeals

There are 94 judicial districts divided into 12 regional
circuits, and each circuit has a court of appeals.
These courts hear appeals from within their
respective districts as well as from federal
administrative agencies.
The circuit courts also hear appeals in specialized
cases such as those involving patent or trademark
laws; those decided by the U.S. Court of
International Trade and those decided by the U.S.
Court of Federal Claims
From these appellate courts, cases could be
appealed to the Supreme Court, the highest court in
the federal system.

8.

9. Circuits

10. District courts

are the trial courts of the U.S. judiciary;
there may be juries who hear cases and render
verdicts;
These courts hear both civil and criminal cases.

11. Others

Court of Military Appeals
The Court of Military Appeals hears appeals of military
court-martial (when a person who is in the military
commits a crime they can be tried and punished by
the military courts).
Court of International Trade
The Court of International Trade hears cases involving
appeals of rulings of U.S. Customs offices.
Court of Claims
The Court of Claims hears cases in which the U.S.
Government is sued.

12. In addition

Each state within the United States has
established a system of courts, including a state
supreme court, to deal with civil, criminal and
appellate proceedings. There are also county
and city courts. Even many of the smallest
villages, those in which only a few hundred
people live, have a local judge, called a “justice
of the peace”, who handles minor legal matters.

13.

14. And one more time!

15. There are more than 542, 000 lawyers in the United States and hundreds of thousands of court workers

16. Take a notice of vocabulary:

The Supreme Court – Верховный суд США;
The U.S. Court of Appeals – Апелляционный суд США
(высшая судебная инстанция в ряде штатов США и
федеральном округе Колумбия);
The U.S. District courts – Федеральный районный
суд(федеральный суд первой инстанции в США);
to vest in / with – наделять правом, давать права, облекать;
to be vested in – принадлежать (о власти);
to be vested with – пользоваться властью, правом;
an inferior court – нижестоящий суд;
The Framers – «отцы», творцы Конституции США;
to hear cases – рассматривать дела;
to render verdicts – выносить вердикт;

17.

a docket number (of a case) – номер (дела) в досье, в книге
записей, в списке дел к слушанию;
a court decision/ruling – решение суда;
to halt – остановить, приостановить;
void – недействительный, не имеющий юр.силы;
beneath – ниже, под;
сircuit = judicial circuit – судебный округ;
circuit court – окружной суд;
monetary claims – денежные претензии;
federal claims – американский иск на основе
федерального права;
eminent domain –право государства на принудительное
отчуждение частной собственности;
court of Military Appeals – военно-апелляционный суд;
court of International Trade – Внешнеторговый суд (высшая
инстанция в США, рассматривающая дела о нарушениях
федеральных законов о внешней торговле);
court of Claims – претензионный суд (суд для рассмотрения
исков в США);
justice of the peace – мировой судья;

18.

Thank you for your attention!