Catholics vs Protestants: the dawn of Republicanism

1. Catholics vs Protestants: the dawn of Republicanism

CATHOLICS VS PROTESTANTS: THE
DAWN OF REPUBLICANISM
CLASS 4. IRELAND IN THE XVII – XVIIITH CENTURIES

2. Overview:

Ireland in the 16th century
Poynings’ Law
Religious issues
Ireland in the 17th century
Flight of the Earls
Oliver Cromwell
James II vs William of Orange
Ireland in the 18th century
Catholics vs Protestants
Industry
Theobald Wolfe Tone

3. Ireland in the XVI-th century

Henry VII (1485 – 1509)
1494 Sir Edward Poynings
made Lord-Deputy of
Ireland
1495 “Poynings’ Law”: the
Irish Parliament – English
King’s permission – laws –
approved by the King of
England
Henry VII

4. Ireland in the XVI-th century

Henry VIII (1509 – 1547)
Head of the Irish Church
The Reformation
To make Ireland
Protestant
1541 recognized as King
of Ireland by the Irish
Parliament
Religious issues!
Henry VIII

5. Ireland in the XVI-th century

Edward VI (1547 – 1553)
Policy hardened
Military campaigns against
Irish chiefs
Attempt to “plant” loyal
English people in Ireland
Land confiscated -> given
to English settlers
attacks from the Irish
Edward VI

6. Ireland in the XVI-th century

Mary I (1553 – 1558)
Elisabeth I (1558 – 1603)
1st successful plantation
1579 – 1583 Earl
Desmond: rebellion
Laois /ˈliːʃ/ and Offally
Crushed, the land
confiscated, given to
English colonists
1592 Trinity College
founded
Queen
Elisabeth I
Queen Mary I

7. Ireland in the XVI-th century

1593 – 1603 rebellion in
Ulster
Hugh O’Neill the Earl of
Tyrone, an Irish Gaelic
lord
Leader of the rebellion
1598 Victory at Yellow
Ford
1601 the battle of Kinsale
O’Neill defeated
Hugh
O’Neill

8. Ireland in the XVII-th century

1607 Hugh O’Neill and Rory
O’Donnell -> to France -> the
flight of the Earls
Land confiscated
James I: the plantation of Ulster
(1610 – 1613)
Protestant settlers:
outnumbering the native Irish
1641 rebellion in Ulster,
massacres of Protestants
Co. Donegal

9. Ireland in the XVII-th century

1642 – 1651: the Civil War in
England, King Charles I executed
(1649)
Oliver Cromwell: to crush
resistance, impose Protestantism
1649 Drogheda captured,
defenders massacred
The civil population terrorized
The 1652 Act of Settlement ->
Oliver
Cromwell
The Catholic nobility -> Connaught
A new Protestant ruling class

10. The man who could take Drogheda could take hell. - Sir Arthur Aston, Royalist commander of Drogheda

Oliver Cromwell mural in
Northern Ireland

11. Ireland in the XVII-th century

1653 – 1654 – another plantation
Irish Catholics -> less fertile lands west
of the River Shannon
Confiscated lands -> Englishmen
1660 – export of cattle to England
banned
Booming exports of meat and butter
Ireland: lower labour costs
1699 – export of wool forbidden
(England! + )
High import duties, little demand,
exports ended

12. Ireland in the XVII-th century

England: James II: Catholic, unpopular.
1688: deposed, fled to France
William of
Orange
William of Orange and his wife Mary invited
(Dutch, Protestant)
1689: James, Jacobites, Kinsale
Derry: William
1689: James, siege of Derry
1 July 1690: the Battle of the Boyne
James defeated. Siege of Limerick
James II
The Treaty of Limerick. Lenient to Catholics

13. Penal Laws for Catholics (XVII – XVIII cent.)

Banned from the Parliament
No right to vote / go to
school / buy land
The 1704 Act: all MPs -> the
Church of Ireland
By 1778: 5% of the land ->
Catholics
Taxes to the Church of
Ireland
The 1719 Act: the Irish
Parliament -> subordinate

14. Ireland in the XVIII-th century

From 1778 -> restrictions
repealed
Catholics: allowed to lease
and buy land (1782)
1782: Poynings’ Law repealed
1792: allowed to practice as
lawyers and marry Protestants
1793: allowed to vote
National Seminary
St. Patrick’s College Maynooth
1795: seminary founded in
Maynooth (Co. Kildare)

15. St. Patrick’s College Maynooth

16. Ireland in the XVIII-th century

Linen industry
1711: Linen Board
Concentrated in the
north
1782: Belfast
The north: industrialization
The south: agricultural
Population: 2 mln in 1700
vs 5 mln in 1800
1783: the Bank of Ireland

17. Theobald Wolfe Tone (1763 –1798)

The Enlightenment
1791: the Society of United Irishmen
Independent republic
Religious equality
Fled abroad
1796: the French fleet
May 1798: risings in Wexford, Wicklow, Mayo
No unity -> crushed
Wolfe tone captured and jailed
Died in prison

18. Wolfe Tone and the United Irishmen

Theobald Wolfe Tone:
his education
Personality
job, personal life
Skills
the United Irishmen (its
status and aim)
the English government
the French and their
advantage
The English and their
advantage
the great gamble of
the French

19. H/W:

The Curse of Cromwell by W.B. Yeats: read the poem and
say what curse the poet is talking about.
Links:
https://www.poemhunter.com/poem/the-curse-of-cromwell/
https://www.counter-currents.com/2011/06/w-b-yeats/
http://www.bbc.co.uk/timelines/zttpsbk
Watch the videos and put down the key facts:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tDmOEQJrqvw Week 2,
Lecture 8 - Wolfe Tone and the United Irishmen
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5n40pXtzKE
Week 2, Lecture 9 - The Bantry Bay Invasion, 1796

20. Extra Resources (video):

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f1yB4fJp4qU Wolfe Tone
and the Protestants of 1798 (Documentary)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SZkJc1RdK6Q Wolfe Tone The Protestant Republican (short documentary)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OEZ2WgVwrGg - The
Legacy of Wolfe Tone

21. Extra Resources:

http://www.countysongs.ie/song/?songtheme=Flight%20of%20Earls – Flight of
the Earls
http://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/oliver-cromwells-war-crimes-themassacre-of-drogheda-this-day-in-1649 - Cromwell
http://www.historytoday.com/tom-reilly/cromwell-irish-question - Cromwell
http://www.iisresource.org/documents/0a3_trafford_ks3_y8.pdf - Henry VIII and
others
http://www.historyireland.com/early-modern-history-1500-1700/the-battle-ofkinsale-1601/ - Battle of Kinsale
http://www.irelandseye.com/aarticles/history/events/dates/ch5.shtm - The
Battle of the Boyne
http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/E703001-010/text001.html - The Treaty of Limerick
http://www.evangelicaltruth.com/orange-html - the Orange Order
http://www.libraryireland.com/articles/Eighteenth-Century-Ireland/Irish-PenalLaws.php - Penal Laws

22. Extra Resources (audio):

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
dAnh1CohMjM - Flight of the Earls
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
6L7fDkaZlU&list=PL60B4941163F8DA01
(Scottish, Jacobites)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
zwrVhW2nYsI Wolfe Tone (+lyrics!)
The Wolfe Tones