Population is all the organisms of the same group or species who live in a particular geographical area

1. Medical academy named after S.I Georgievsky of vamadsky CFU

Department of medical biology
NAME – sinchan Poojary puttu
GROUP NUM– 193-A
Scientific Leader
Phd .SVETLANA SMIRNOVA

2.

“In biology, a population is all
the organisms of the same group
or species who live in a
particular geographical area and are
capable of interbreeding.[1][2] The
area of a sexual population is the
area where inter-breeding is
possible between any pair within the
area and more probable than crossbreeding with individuals from other
areas”

3.

The difference of morphological characteristics
and population structure
Morphological
Characteristics
A group of organism
sharing a unique
collection
Of structural and
functional
charcterstic

4.

Characteristics of Population Ecology
A population is all of one kind
of species residing in a
particular
location. Population size
represents the total number of
individuals in a
habitat. Population density
refers to how many individuals
reside in a particular area.

5.

GENETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A POPULATION
Evolution and selection affect
the genetic structure
of populations. Heredity laws,
new mutations, natural and
artificial selection and a number
of other phenomena are
characterized by exceptional
complexity of the reproductive
conditions of
entire populations.

6.

POPULATION AS THE BASIC UNIT OF EVOLUTION
According to evolutionary theory, every organism from humans to
beetles to plants to bacteria share a common ancestor. Millions of
years of evolutionary pressure caused some organisms to died
while others survived, leaving earth with the diverse life forms we
have today. Within this diversity is unity; for example, all organisms
are composed of cells and use DNA. The theory of evolution gives
us a unifying theory to explain the similarities and differences
within life’s organisms and processes.

7.

In biology, evolution is the
change in the characteristics
of a species over several
generations and relies on the
process of natural selection.
The theory of evolution is
based on the idea that all
species? are related and
gradually change over time.

8.

Population and Evolutionary Genetics The theory of evolution gives us a unifying theory to
explain the similarities and differences within life’s
organisms and processes.
Populations (or gene pools ) evolve as gene
frequencies change; individual organisms cannot
evolve.
Variation in populations is determined by the genes
present in the population’s gene pool, which may be
directly altered by mutation.
Natural selection is the gradual process that increases
the frequency of advantageous inherited traits
(allowing it to survive and reproduce) and decreases
the frequency of detrimental inherited traits within a
population.
A population’s genetic makeup can also be affected
by random chance events like genetic drift, or when
genes are inherited together in genetic hitchhiking.

9.

HARDY-WEINBERG PRINCIPLE
In population genetics, the
Hardy–Weinberg principle,
also known as the Hardy–
Weinberg equilibrium, model,
theorem, or law, states that
allele and genotype
frequencies in a population
will remain constant from
generation to generation in
the absence of other
evolutionary influences.

10.

Population size and the rate of evolution
Does evolution proceed faster in larger or smaller populations? The relationship between effective
population
size (Ne) and the rate of evolution has consequences for
our ability to understand and interpret genomic variation, and is central to many aspects of evolution
and
ecology. Many factors affect the relationship between Ne
and the rate of evolution, and recent theoretical and
empirical studies have shown some surprising and
sometimes counterintuitive results. Some mechanisms
tend to make the relationship positive, others negative,
and they can act simultaneously. The relationship also
depends on whether one is interested in the rate of
neutral, adaptive, or deleterious evolution. Here, we
synthesize theoretical and empirical approaches to understand ding the relationship and highlight
areas that
remain poorly understood.
Does population size limit evolution?
Do small populations evolve faster or slower than large
populations? When and why does population size limit
adaptation? Answering these questions is important for
understanding present-day diversity and the evolutionary
past and future of life on Earth [

11.

isolation in evolution
Environmental change and
isolation of groups of organisms
play an important role in
evolution. ... Isolation means that
organisms of the same species
are separated, and happens
when there is something between
the organisms that they can't
cross. Organisms become isolated
as a result of environmental
change.

12.

13.

14.

Gene flow in evolution
In population genetics, gene
flow (also known as gene
migration or allele flow) is
the transfer of genetic
variation from one
population to another. If the
rate of gene flow is high
enough, then two populations
are considered to have
equivalent allele
frequencies and therefore
effectively be a single
population.