A nuclear power plant (NPP)

1.

Student:
Ryabov Dmitriy AVT-28.
Teacher:
Yurieva Anna Valentinovna.

2.

A nuclear power plant (NPP) is a complex of technical structures designed to
generate electrical energy by using energy released during a controlled nuclear
reaction.

3.

To understand the
principle of operation
of a nuclear reactor,
and therefore the
principle of operation
of a nuclear power
plant, you need to
understand the
components of the
reactor.

4.

This is the zone where the
nuclear fuel (heat separator)
and moderator are placed.
Fuel atoms (most often the
fuel is uranium) perform a
chain reaction of fission. The
moderator is designed to
control the process of
fission, and allows you to
conduct the desired speed
and strength of the reaction.

5.

The reflector surrounds
the core. It consists of the
same material as the
moderator. In fact, this is
a box, the main purpose
of which is to prevent
neutrons from leaving the
core and getting into the
environment.

6.

The heat carrier must
absorb the heat that was
released during the fission
of fuel atoms, and transfer it
to other substances. The
heat carrier largely
determines how the nuclear
power plant is arranged. The
most popular coolant for
today is water.

7.

8.

9.

After the start of the nuclear reactor, the
fuel rods are removed from the fuel Rods,
which prevent the uranium from reacting.
As soon as the rods are extracted, the
uranium neutrons begin to interact with
each other. When neutrons collide, there
is a mini-explosion at the atomic level,
energy is released and new neutrons are
born, a chain reaction begins to occur.
This process releases heat. Heat is given
to the heat carrier. Depending on the
type of heat carrier, it turns into steam or
gas that turns the turbine.

10.

Steam turbine
The turbine drives an electric generator.
Computer sensors monitor the process. After
either uranium atoms or gas with coal have
released heat, the operation patterns of
nuclear power plants and thermal power
plants are the same.

11.

12.

But before being released into the atmosphere, the air from the NPP premises passes through
a system of complex filters, where most of the radionuclides are removed. Short-lived
isotopes decay before the gases reach the top of the pipe, further reducing radioactivity. As a
result, the contribution to the natural radiation background of gas-aerosol emissions of
nuclear power plants into the atmosphere is insignificant and can be generally ignored.
Therefore, nuclear power is one of the cleanest in comparison with other power plants. In any
case, all radioactive emissions from nuclear power plants are strictly controlled by
environmentalists and ways to further reduce them are being developed.