Types of Law. Civil law

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Types of Law
Presentation is made by Kirill Filippov

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National Law
Every country has its own legal system and its own set of laws that are called
national law
National law is a set of rules governing relations between domestic subjects,
residents

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National law includes not only law at the national level, but law at the state,
regional or local levels(like federal and state laws in USA)

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International law
International law - a set of rules governing relations between internal and
external entities, residents and non-residents.
States agree to obey international law by being members of a great
international organization such as the United Nations, or by entering into
treaties with one another.

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Civil law
Civil law is a branch of law that combines legal norms governing property, as
well as related and unrelated personal non-property relations that arise between
different organizations and citizens, as well as between individual citizens.
Civil law concerns disputes among citizens within a country.

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The main categories of English civil law are: law of contract, law of tort, law
of trust, probate law, company law, employment law, land law, family law,
intellectual property law and others.

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Public law
Public law, - a set of branches of law that regulate relations related to ensuring
the general (public) or national interest.
The main categories of public law are criminal law, constitutional law and
administrative law

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Criminal law deals with wrongs (crimes) which harm the well-being of society,
even when they are committed against an individual.
The main aim of criminal law is to deter other people from committing similar
wrongs.

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Constitutional law states the citizen’s rights and duties.
It also regulates the relationships between different branches of the state, such
as the executive, the legislative and the judiciary.
Constitutional law is usually found in the Constitution of the country.

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Administrative laws are enforced by the executive branch of the government
rather than the legislative and the judiciary branches.
It regulates international trade, taxation, environment protection,
manufacturing

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Criminal and civil procedures
Criminal and civil procedures are different.
Criminal actions are nearly always started by the state

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Civil actions, on the other hand, are usually started by individuals.
The party bringing a criminal action (that is in most cases the state) is called the
prosecution.
The party bringing a civil action is called the claimant.

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Thanks for your attention