The history of the Ural

1. The history of the Ural

2.

The Ural is an old region.
The oldest inhabited
place was found near
Perm on the Chusovaya.
The Russians appeared
in the Ural in the 12th
century. By the end of
the 15th century Perm
the Great became part
of the Russian State.
«Urals» is a tatar world,
it means «belt»,
«zone», «chain».

3.

After Yermak’s expedition the
Urals and Siberia penal servitude
colonies and towns grew up, a
road was built from Moscow
passing through Yaroslavl, Veliky
Ustyug, Solikamsk and
Verkhoturye to the capital of
Siberia, Tobolsk.

4.

Verkhoturye
became the transit point of
the way from Moscow to
Siberia. The Russian tzars
considered the Urals to be a
very rich territory. First of all
they were interested in furs.

5.

The most important role in the
colonization of the Urals played
the merchants Stroganoffs. They
were allowed by Ivan the Terrible
to exploit vast territories along
the Kama and the Chusovaya.

6.

In the 16th century Ufa,
Tyumen, Tobolsk,
Verkhoturye were founded.
Verkhoturye became the
transit point on the way from
Moscow to Siberia. The
customs was organized here.
Ufa
Tyumen

7.

The first mineral resource
found in the Urals was salt.
Solikamsk became the
centre of salt industry.
Then iron and cooper were
discovered.

8.

In 1668 precious stones were
found near Murzinka. They
were called samotzveti, or
ornament stones. Now the
Ural «samotzveti» are famous
all over the world.
The Ural land has leftist trace
in history of Russia as the
land of metalworkes and
craftsmen.

9.

The first state plants were built in
Kamensk, Nevyansk, Uktuss,
Alapayevsk. In 1723 the first state
metallurgical plant was constructed
in Ekaterinburg.
Ekaterinburg

10.

1723 is the date of the foundation
of Ekaterinburg – the greatest
industrial centre in the Middle
Urals, its capital.
It has come to the history as one of
the first places of the region’s
development and cultivation. The
basic of such a system, of course,
was the growth of industry.

11.

Ekaterinburg performed a double function –
firstly as the administrative centre, being a
residence for the government officials, and
one of the strongholds in the exploration of
the «krai» by the Russians.

12.

Ekaterinburg was founded by
Vassily Tatishchev, the first
supervisor of the Ural state
enterprises, who was sent to
the Urals by Peter I. Tatishchev
played an important role in the
industrial development of the
Urals. On his initiative many
metallurgical plants were
constructed. He regarded the
Ural mountains as a system that
spreads from the Arctic Ocean
to the Caspian Sea. He was able
to give a correct estimate of
mineral resources.

13.

During his activities in the
Urals dozens of maps of
the Urals were made.
Tatishchev was one of the
first who spoke about
danger of deforestation. In
1722 he wrote the
instruction about the
saving of the forests.
In the centre of Ekaterinburg
you can see a nice
monument to Tatishchev
and his assistant Georg de
Gennin.

14.

In the second half of the 18th century
the Urals became one of the biggest
industrial centers of Russia, the
center of cooper an gold industries.

15.

Mechanical engineering began to
develop rapidly. Machine – building
enterprises were constructed in
Nizhny Tagil, Perm, Ekaterinburg.
The first steam locomotive was
made in Nizhny Tagil in 1833.
Nizhny Tagil

16.

In the 18th century many Ural
factories made works of art from
cast iron: grates, kitchen utensils,
slabs. The best factory of this kind
was and still is Kasli near
Chelyabinsk.

17.

At the end of the 19th century the
construction of railways began. In
1878 the Ural railway connected
Ekaterinburg and Chelyabinsk was
constructed. Years passed. Lots of
new plants, factories and towns rose
in the Urals.

18.

The Urals proved its leading role in the
industrial life of the country during the
Great Patriotic war. The whole of the
region’s industry and economy was
geared to serve the needs of the front.

19. Thank you for your attention!