Study of the effect of vitamin B12 on the human body

1. study of the effect of vitamin B12 on the human body.

STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF
VITAMIN B12 ON THE HUMAN
BODY.
EXECUTED BY STUDENTS OF GROUP 353, SPECIALTY
NURSING:
MOKEEVA POLINA
MAXIM SHESTAKOV
BAKSHUTOVA IRINA

2. The role of vitamins in human life.

THE ROLE OF VITAMINS IN HUMAN LIFE.
• The role of vitamins in human nutrition is enormous. The human body's need for essential vitamins is
now well understood, with a lack as well as with an overabundance of certain vitamins a person begins
to feel certain unpleasant symptoms. In past centuries, avitaminosis has killed as many people as
bandits, wild animals or natural disasters - scurvy alone, caused by a lack of vitamin C in human food, or
beri-beri, which is caused by a lack of B vitamins.Modern medicine has found that 85% of our health
depends on nutrition. But today's methods of production, processing, storage and preparation of food
negate its nutritive and biological value. It is not enough that the food does not meet all the growing
needs of humans in vitamins, micro-and macro elements, amino acids and other nutrients, it
contributes to their increased deposition, which leads to further deterioration of health.

3. History of vitamin B12.

HISTORY OF VITAMIN B12.
• Vitamin B12 is also called cyanocobalamin.
• The substance is water-soluble. In minimal quantities that cannot meet the body's needs, it is produced
by the intestinal flora. In the human body it is accumulated in the liver. In its pure form it has a deep
pink color.
• As we know, vitamin B12 deficiency leads to the development of malignant anemia, which in the middle
of the 19th century sounded like a verdict and was not subject to treatment. A way to get rid of this
disease was discovered by chance, during an experiment on dogs. American doctor, George Whipple
(George Whipple) provoked the development of pernicious anemia (pernicious anemia) in experimental
animals, causing bleeding and then fed the dogs a variety of foods to see which food speeds up the
recovery. During the experiment, the scientist found that eating liver in large quantities quickly cured
the disease caused by blood loss. Based on this data, George Whipple suggested that the daily intake of
this product leads to the elimination of pernicious anemia.Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator
(free version)

4. Functions of Vitamin B12 :

FUNCTIONS OF VITAMIN B12 :
• Perhaps the most well known function of B12 is its role in the development of red blood cells. As noted above,
vitamin B12 refers to the external factors of Kåñëa, which are responsible in the body for maintaining normal
hematopoiesis.
The second major task of vitamin B12 is its involvement in the development of nerve fibers. Vitamin B12 is
involved in the construction of the protein and fat structures of the protective myelin layer.
• There is recent evidence that vitamin B12 is also important for bone formation. Bone growth can only occur
when there is an adequate supply of vitamin B12 in the osteoblasts (the cells from which bones are made).
This is especially important for children during active growth and for women during menopause, who
experience hormone-induced loss of bone mass - osteoporosis.
Vitamin B12 affects muscle growth because it participates in the processes of protein metabolism and amino
acid synthesis. It activates energy metabolism in the body. It is also important that it supports the nerve cells
of the spinal cord, through which the centralized control of the body's muscles takes place.

5. The problem of vitamin B12 deficiency:

THE PROBLEM OF VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY:
• The main problem with vitamin B12 is that it is difficult to absorb. Alimentary vitamin B12 deficiency occurs in
groups of people who eat only plant foods, minimizing animal products in their diet.
• Pregnant women on vegetarian, vegan, or raw food diets are a potential risk group. The elderly are also a risk
group. They are at greater risk of malnutrition due to concomitant diseases, they have difficulty in self-care
and cooking, and they usually suffer from some degree of atrophic gastritis. Inflammatory processes in the
gastric mucosa tend to increase in frequency with age, resulting in decreased production of hydrochloric acid,
a factor in the absorption of vitamin B12.Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version)
Kahl factor deficiency is one of the typical causes of vitamin B12 deficiency. The presence of autoantibodies to
Kasl factor is a leading cause of pernicious anemia against the background of autoimmune gastritis. Gastric
antral resection is also associated with vitamin B12 deficiency.
Absorption of vitamin B12 can also be impaired by any inflammatory bowel disease. For example, Crohn's
disease, parasitic infestations, and bacterial overgrowth syndrome are just a small list of possible conditions.

6.  Consequences of deficiency states:

CONSEQUENCES OF DEFICIENCY STATES:
• Typical manifestations of vitamin B12 deficiency. Impaired hematopoiesis with the
development of megaloblastic anemia, as well as neurological disorders. Prolonged
and chronic vitamin B12 deficiency is considered a factor in a number of other global
health problems.Vitamin B12 deficiency is associated with the development of agerelated macular degeneration (AMD) and fragility risk, which are major causes of
disability in the elderly. TMD is the leading cause of vision loss in the elderly.
Increased risk of frailty and disability is associated with poor vitamin B12 status.Low
vitamin B12 levels are seen as a potential risk factor for neural tube defects. Vitamin
B12 acts as a cofactor of methionine synthase in the folic acid cycle. When vitamin
B12 supply is low, folate is left trapped in the methylation cycle, resulting in impaired
cell replication. Vitamin B12 deficiency can be suspected by nonspecific symptoms
such as:
• forgetfulness;
• dizziness;
• pale skin;
• weakness and rapid fatigue;
• tingling in the tips of your fingers and toes.

7.  Foods rich in vitamin B12.

FOODS RICH IN VITAMIN B12.
Vitamin B12 is found in animal products. The highest doses of vitamin B12 are found in liver, and byproducts are also rich in it. Smaller amounts of cyanocobalamin are found in eggs and dairy products.
Other sources are even less rich in it.
It is believed that spirulina algae contains a large amount of vitamin B12. This is the reason why many
vegetarians, who do not eat animals and are not willing to pay the price for their health, eat spirulina.
However, they do not contain the true vitamin, but rather a so-called pseudovitamin B12. It has a chemical
structure similar to that of vitamin B12, but it doesn't perform the functions that vitamin B12 does.
Moreover, it has possible toxic effects on the body!
If you preach vegetarianism, you are not recommended to consume such products, it is better to buy
vitamin B12 in a preparation and take vitamins in pills.

8. Interesting facts about vitamin B12:

INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT VITAMIN B12:
1. Vitamin B12 levels decrease when animal foods are excluded from the diet. The fact that vitamin levels
drop sharply after the exclusion of animal products is reliable and has been confirmed by many personal
experiences. The decrease is sure to occur and can last for a long time.
2. Eating unwashed fruit increases vitamin B12 levels in the body.Amazing, isn't it? The natural plaque on
fruits, vegetables and herbs contains many beneficial substances that not only protect the fruit itself, but
also have a beneficial effect on our bodies.
We do not urge you to eat unwashed fruits and vegetables, but try to eat seasonal foods in the summer,
preferably those grown in your garden or at your grandmother's house. Fruits and vegetables bought in the
store or at the market should be washed before eating, because there are more harmful microorganisms
living on them than there are beneficial ones.

9.

3.Another surprising fact is that vitamin B12 deficiency can be masked by normal folic acid levels. It has
similar functions and, together with B12, mutually support each other's functions when one is deficient.
Factors that reduce blood levels of vitamin B12:
• Alcohol
• Coffee
• Smoking
• Birth control pills
• Stress
• Chronic diseases
• Antibiotics
• Consuming large quantities of meat
• Liver diseases
There are many sources of vitamin B12, the richest being meat. The highest amounts of cobalamin are
found in beef liver (59 µg), shellfish - mainly octopus and squid (49 µg), beef kidneys (31 µg), and chicken
liver (23 µg).

10. Conclusion

CONCLUSION
Vitamin B12 is a particularly important vitamin for women of childbearing age and the elderly, but
adequate vitamin B12 status throughout life is necessary for optimal health.