Thomas Linacre

1. welcome

2. History of medicine

STUDENT: ELBIALY AHMED FOUAD MOHAMED FATHY
GROUP: 19LS3(a)
NAME OF TOPIC : Thomas Linacre
PENZA 2020

3. Thomas Linacre

or Lynaker (/ˈlɪnəkər/ LIN-ə-kər; c. 1460 – 20
October 1524) was an English humanist scholar and physician,
after whom Linacre College, Oxford, and Linacre House, a boys'
boarding house at The King's School, Canterbury, are named.

4.

Linacre was more of a scholar than a scientific investigator. It is
difficult to judge his practical skill in his profession, but it was
highly esteemed in his own day. He took no part in political or
theological questions, but his career as a scholar was
characteristic of the critical period in the history of learning
through which he lived

5.

Thomas Linacre
was one of the first Englishmen to study Greek in Italy, and
brought back to his native country and his own university the
lessons of the "New Learning". His teachers were some of the
greatest scholars of the day. Among his pupils was one—
Erasmus—whose name alone would suffice to preserve the
memory of his instructor in Greek, and others of note in letters
and politics, such as Sir Thomas More, Prince Arthur and Queen
Mary I of England. John Colet, William Grocyn, William Lilye
and other eminent scholars were his intimate friends, and he
was esteemed by a still wider circle of literary correspondents in
all parts of Europe.

6. Life

He was born at Brampton, Chesterfield, in Derbyshire, descended from an ancient
family recorded in the Domesday Book.[citation needed] He received his early
education at the Canterbury Cathedral school, under the direction of William Tilly of
Selling, who became prior of Canterbury in 1472. It was from Selling that Linacre must
have received his first incentive to the study of Classics. Linacre entered Oxford in about
1480, and in 1484 was elected a fellow of All Souls College. Shortly afterwards he visited
Italy in the train of Selling, who was sent by King Henry VII as an envoy to the papal
court. Linacre accompanied his patron as far as Bologna. There he became the pupil of
Angelo Poliziano, and shared the instruction which Poliziano imparted at Florence to
the sons of Lorenzo de Medici. The younger of these princes became Pope Leo X, and
later remembered his old companionship with Linacre.[3] Among his other teachers and
friends in Italy were Demetrius Chalcondylas, Hermolaus Barbarus, Aldus Romanus the
printer of Venice (of whose New Academy Linacre was a member), and Nicolaus
Leonicenus of Vicenza. Linacre took the degree of doctor of medicine with great
distinction at Padua.

7.

On his return to Oxford, full of the learning and imbued with
the spirit of the Italian Renaissance, he formed one of the
brilliant circle of Oxford scholars, including John Colet,
William Grocyn and William Latimer, who are mentioned in the
letters of Erasmus.
Linacre does not appear to have practised or taught medicine in
Oxford. In about 1501, he was called to court as tutor of the
young Arthur, Prince of Wales. On the accession of Henry VIII
in 1509, he was appointed the king's physician, an office at that
time of considerable influence and importance, and practised
medicine in London, having among his patients most of the
great statesmen and prelates of the time, including Cardinal
Wolsey, Archbishop William Warham and Bishop Fox

8.

After some years of professional activity, Linacre devoted himself to the study of
theology and the duties of the priesthood. Around 1509, he received priest's orders as
the rector of Merstham, Kent. Numerous ecclesiastical positions followed, finalising
with him obtaining the rectorship of Wigan in 1520,[4] which he held until his death
in 1524. His clerical benefices, included the Precentorship of York Minster.[5] His
ordination was connected with his retirement from active life. Literary labours, and
the cares of the foundation which owed its existence chiefly to him, the Royal College
of Physicians, occupied Linacre's remaining years
The most important service Linacre conferred upon his own profession and science
was the foundation by royal charter of the College of Physicians in London, and he
was the first president of the new college, which he further aided by bequeathing to
it his own house and library. Shortly before his death, Linacre obtained from the king
letters patent for the establishment of readerships in medicine at Oxford and
Cambridge, and placed valuable estates in the hands of trustees for their endowment.
Two readerships were founded at Merton College, Oxford, and a lecture St John's
College, Cambridge. The Oxford foundation was revived by the university
commissioners in 1856 in the form of the Linacre professorship of anatomy.[3] At St
John's College the funds are still in use today; since 1989 the college has hosted an
annual 'Linacre Lecture'[6] on a subject in medicine, delivered by a leading research
scientist in their field.
Linacre is listed on a modern monument in the crypt of St Paul's Cathedral in London
as one of the important graves lost in the Great Fire of London in 1666.

9. Works

Linacre's literary activity was displayed both in pure scholarship and in translation
from Greek. In the domain of scholarship he was known by the rudiments of (Latin)
grammar (Progymnasmata Grammatices vulgaria), composed in English, a revised
version of which was made for the use of the Princess Mary, and afterwards
translated into Latin by George Buchanan. He also wrote a work on Latin
composition, De emendata structura Latini sermonis ("On the Pure and Correct
Structure of Latin Prose"), which was published in London in 1524 and many times
reprinted on the continent of Europe.[3]
Linacre's only medical works were his translations. He desired to make the works of
Galen (and indeed those of Aristotle also) accessible to all readers of Latin. What he
effected in the case of the first, though not trifling in itself, is inconsiderable as
compared with the whole mass of Galen's writings; and of his translations from
Aristotle, some of which are known to have been completed, nothing has survived.
The following are the works of Galen translated by Linacre:

10.

De temperamentis et
de Inaequali
Intemperie
(Cambridge, 1521)
Methodus medendi (Paris,
1519)
4: De naturalibus facultatibus (London, 1523)
5: De symptomatum differentiis et causis
(London, 1524)
6: De pulsuum Usu (London, without date).
De sanitate tuenda, (Paris,
1517)

11. CONCLUSION

Born :c. 1460
Brampton, Chesterfield, in Derbyshire
20 October 1524 (aged 63–64)
Died
Nationality : English
Other names : Lynaker
Occupation : humanist scholar,
physician, clergyman
WORKS:
1: De sanitate tuenda, (Paris, 1517)
2:Methodus medendi (Paris, 1519)
3: De temperamentis et de Inaequali Intemperie (Cambridge, 1521)
4: De naturalibus facultatibus (London, 1523)
5: De symptomatum differentiis et causis (London, 1524)
6: De pulsuum Usu (London, without date).