Modal verbs and modal words

1.

MODAL VERBS AND
MODAL WORDS
Работу выполнила:
ЧАБ-412
Самошкина Анна

2.

What is a modal verb?
■ A modal verb is a type of verb that contextually indicates a modality
■ They are used in conjunction with verbs to express their function. Examples are
permission, obligation, lack of necessity, possibility, ability, prohibition, advice and
probability.

3.

Most commonly used
■ In English, the modal verbs commonly used are can, could, may, might,
shall, should, will, would, ought to, used to, dare and must.
■ The verbs or expressions dare, ought to, had better, and need not behave
like modal auxiliaries to a large extent and may be added to the above list

4.

Characteristic of modal verbs
■ They never change their form. You can't add "s", "ed", "ing"...
■ They are always followed by an infinitive without "to" (e.i. the bare infinitive.)
■ They are used to indicate modality and allow speakers to express certainty,
possibility, willingness, obligation, necessity, ability

5.

Modal words
■ Modal words indicate whether the speaker is sure that the contents of his utterance
correspond to reality, or he doubts it, or he regards it as something possible,
probable, desirable, etc.

6.

Types of modal words
■ Modal words can be divided into several groups:
■ Those which denote various shades of certainty: certainly, surely, of course, no
doubt, assuredly, undoubtedly, indeed, really, etc.
■ Those which denote various degrees of probability: maybe, perhaps, possibly,
probably, etc.
■ Those which denote various shades of desirability (undesirability): happily, luckily,
fortunately, unhappily, etc.