The Present Perfect Tense. Настоящее совершённое время

1.

The Present Perfect
Tense
Настоящее совершённое время

2.

О чём поговорим?
Как образуется время Present Perfect?
Произношение
Когда это время используется?
Выполним упражнение

3.

Образование
The Present Perfect Tense образуется при помощи глагола to have в Present
Simple и Past Participle (причастия прошедшего времени) смыслового глагола.
Причастие прошедшего времени правильных глаголов образуется путем
прибавления к смысловому глаголу окончания –ed, у неправильных глаголов
причастие прошедшего времени имеет свою индивидуальную форму (см.
таблицу неправильных глаголов).

4.

Формы Present Perfect
Утвердительная
Отрицательная
Вопросительная
I / You / We / They +
have + worked, written
I / You / We / They +
have not (haven’t) +
worked, written
Have + I / you / We /
They + worked, written
He / She / It + has +
worked, written
He / She / It + has not
(hasn’t) + worked,
written
Has + he / she / it +
worked, written

5.

Таблица неправильных глаголов

6.

Произношение
Окончание –ed произносится по-разному, в зависимости от характера
предшествующего звука.
1.
Окончание –ed произносится как [t] после [s] (passed), [k] (packed), [f]
(laughed), [p] (dropped), [ʃ] (brushed), [tʃ] (clenched)
2.
Окончание –ed произносится как [d] после всех гласных и звонких
согласных [m], [n], [b], [v], [z], [l], [dʒ]. Например, loved, played, banned
3.
Окончание –ed произносится как [id] после звуков [t], [d]. Например,
lifted, wanted, needed

7.

Употребление
The Present Perfect употребляется:
1.
Для выражения действия, закончившегося к моменту речи и связанного с ним
своим результатом: Look, I’ve brought you some flowers.
2.
Для выражения нескольких однородных действий, которые были совершены в
прошлом, но связь их с настоящим очевидна: They have been to Britain twice.
(in their life, up to now).
3.
Когда время совершения действия не указано, внимание говорящего
сосредоточено на самом факте его совершения и его результате в настоящем:
A terrorist has killed the bank manager. (He is dead)
4.
The Present Perfect часто употребляется с наречиями неопределенного
времени: ever, never, just, already, often, (not) yet, always, lately, of late.
Предложения с этими наречиями переводятся на русский язык в прошедшем
времени: He has just come. – Он только что пришел.
5.
The Present Perfect употребляется с обстоятельственными словами,
обозначающими неистекшие периоды времени: today, this week, this month,
this year: He has often met Alice this week.

8.

Упражнение
Supply the Present Perfect Tense of the verbs in brackets.
1.
I (not get) the grant this year.
2.
The settlers (leave) the bay forever.
3.
He (not answer) my letter yet.
4.
You ever (eat) caviar?
5.
She recently (become) a student.
6.
They (travel) all over the world.
7.
How long you (be) here?
8.
I saw her in May but I (not see) her this month.
9.
My friend (buy) a new car.
10. I (lose) my gloves.
11. I never (ride) a camel.
12. They never (behave) like this before.

9.

Домашнее задание (What are we
gonna do next lesson?)
229. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующейся форме, так чтобы
получить Present Continuous или Present Perfect.
1. What are you (to do) here? – I am (to write) a letter to my friends. 2. Who has
(to write) this article? 3. What language are you (to study)? 4. We have already
(to learn) a lot of English words. 5. What is she (to teach) them? 6. Who has (to
teach) you to do it? 7. He has just (to do) something for us. 8. Have you (to find)
the book? 9. What are you (to look) for? 10. What are you (to talk) about? 11. We
have just (to talk) about it. 12. He has just (to say) something about it. 13. She is
(to tell) them some interesting story. 14. He has (to tell) us nothing about it. 15.
She has (to tell) them some stories about dogs. 16. We have (to have) two lessons
today. 17. They are (to have) a meeting. 18. She has not (to speak) yet. 19. They
have (to ask) me several questions. 20. He has already (to learn) to learn the
rule. 21. I am (to write) an exercise. 22. What is he (to do)? – He is (to read) a
newspaper. 23. Have you (to read) any stories by Jack London? 24. I am (to
answer) the telephone right now. 25. He has (to fix) his car and now he is (not to
have) any problem with the brakes anymore. 26. Have you just (to hear)
tomorrow’s weather forecast? 27. I have (to read) this interesting book lots of
times. 28. I don’t think he has ever (to do) it.

10.

230. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующейся форме, так чтобы
получить Present Continuous или Present Perfect.
What’s the matter? Why he (to stop)?
1. My cousin (to look) for a job, but he (not to find) a job yet. 2. It (to be)
impossible for her to feel at home here. 3. What you (to study) now? 4. They just
(to give) you a pay rise. 5. Sophie is busy. She (to knit) a sweater for her
grandson. 6. You only (to have) a piece of cake? You (not to eat) much. 7. People
(to plant) carrots and tomatoes now. 8. You (to go) to plant tomatoes this year?
9. Johnny, who finally (to find) a new job, (to give) a big party. 10. How long you
(to be) sick? 11. You (to see) any good movies recently? 12. What you (to look)
forward to? 13. Nancy (to look) forward to this weekend. 14. She (to go) to read
Shakespeare and she (not to go) to think about work. 15. Mike (to leave) for work
yet? 16. They (to pay) their electric bill this month? 17. How long you (to know)
each other? 18. Your car (to make) strange noises. Is anything wrong? 19. The boy
(to do) his homework and (to take) a karate lesson now. 20. I (to have) dinner
with my friends at the moment and I am very happy to see them again. 21. Jay
never (to travel) overseas. 22. We always (to have) a dog and a cat. We love
pets. 23. Larry never (to own) a sports car. 24. I (to love) him ever since.