The concept and status of a phraseological unit

1.

The concept and status of
a phraseological unit
Шульгина Софья Валерьевна,
ИЯ-ЧАБ-412
[email protected]

2.

What is a phraseological unit?
It is a non-motivated word-group that cannot be freely
made up in speech, but is reproduced as a readymade unit.
ex
A bull in a china shop
ex
The green-eyed monster

3.

Quote by academician
There is no doubt that the type of phrases
that are most easily and naturally
distinguished is absolutely indivisible,
indecomposable, the meaning of which is
completely independent of their lexical
composition, of the meanings of their
components, and is as conditional and
arbitrary as the meaning of an unmotivated
sign word.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/r
u/2/2d/Viktor_Vinogradov.jpg
- V.V. Vinogradov

4.

Essential features of phraseology units
01
02
lack of motivation
stability of the
lexical
components

5.

The problem to distinguish between
phraseological unit and free wordgroups
The reason is
the fact that the border-line between
them is not clearly defined

6.

Grammatical valency
01
It is the ability of a word to
appear
in various grammatical structures
02
It is determined by the part of
speech the word belongs to.

7.

Lexical valency
01
The aptness of a word to appear in
certain combinations with other lexemes
02
Lexical valency may be
different in different
languages.

8.

Examples of lexical and grammatical valency
Grammatical
valency
V + N – to grow roses (wheat) =
“to cultivate”
V + V – to grow to like = “to
begin”
V + A – to grow old (tired, dark) =
“to become”
V + D – to grow quickly (rapidly)
= “to increase”
Lexical valency
V + N – to deliver letters = “to
distribute letters”
To deliver a blow = “to strike
a blow”
To deliver a lecture = “to give
a lecture”
The range of grammatical
valency is restricted by
lexical valency:
A + N – blind people (+) –
blind sugar (-)
A smiling girl (+) – a smilimg
crocodile (-)

9.

Classification of phraseological units
By the degree of idiomaticity:
Phraseological fusions
Phraseological unities
Phraseological collocations

10.

Phraseological fusions
are semantically indivisible phraseological units,
which meanings not correlatively with separate
meanings of the components.
red tape- “bureaucratic methods”
heavy father-“serious or solemn part in a theatrical
play”
kick the bucket-“die”

11.

Phraseological unities
is semantically indivisible and complete
phraseological unit, which meaning motivated
by separate values of components
"to show one’s teeth" - ‘take a threatening tone’
"to wash one’s dirty linen in public" - ‘discuss or make public
one’s quarrels’

12.

Phraseological collocations
Words in phraseological collocations are used
with free and connected disposal. Phraseological
collocations have no homonyms.
"bosom friend" - "bosom" has the connected disposal,
because
this word is used only with the word "friend"

13.

Idioms in the English
Over
15000
idioms
Native speakers of English
use idioms all the time,
often without realizing that
they are doing so.

14.

Types of idioms
Pure idioms
Semi idioms
Literal idioms

15.

The concept and status of
a phraseological unit
Шульгина Софья Валерьевна,
ИЯ-ЧАБ-412
[email protected]