History of English language literature (лекция 1)

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(Britain, the USA)

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1. Aims of the course, links
with other disciplines.
2. Literary work, its structure
and analysis.
3. Literary genres.
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studies the historical
development of Englishlanguage literature, and the
development of the literary
techniques used in it.
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1) to acquaint students with the
historical development of Englishlanguage literature (ELL)
- major periods of ELL development;
- major literary movements in ELL;
- major literary genres of ELL;
- major authors, their biography, works;
2) to develop students’ skills to
analyze a literary work
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Practical
course of
English
Stylistics
Philosophy
History of
Englishlanguage
literature
World
history
Country
studies
History of
English
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the whole bulk of
literary works
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is a piece of writing that a
writer creates out of his
imagination to produce
an aesthetic effect upon
the reader
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- reflects the author’s
perception of reality, not
reality itself, and is
imaginary or contains
imaginary elements;
- produces an aesthetic effect
upon the reader
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- Cognitive
- Evaluative
- Educational
- Aesthetic
- Self-expression
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1
2
3
4
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1. Themes, ideas
2. Composition, images
3. Lexical and grammatical
expressive means
4. Sound and graphical form of the text
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1. Themes, ideas
2. Composition, images
3. Lexical and grammatical
expressive means
4. Sound and graphical form of the text
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Themes are central topics of the
text (love, war, death, betrayal).
Problems are how the author treats
the themes, aspects of topics the
writer touches upon (people’s
behaviour at war)
Ideas are how the author solves the
problems (we should stay human at
war).
Emotions these problems or ideas stir
up in the writer and the reader of the
story constitute its tone (cheerful,
melancholy, angry, humorous, etc.)
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1. Themes, ideas
2. Composition, images
3. Lexical and grammatical
expressive means
4. Sound and graphical form of the text
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Composition is the
interrelation between different
components of the text
Image is the reflection of the
world in the writer’s
consciousness that he transmits
to the reader through a literary
work (may be connected with
different text components –
time, place, event, character,
etc.)
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Setting where and when
the story happens (time and
place)
Plot what happens in the
story (the succession of events
described). Plot may follow the
chronological order of events or
have jumps back (flashbacks)
and/or forth (foreshadowing)
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Structural components of plot
4. Climax
3. Rising action
5. Falling action
2. Complication
6. Denouement
1. Exposition
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Characters
who the story is about,
the heroes described
round
(complex and
developing)
flat
(one-sided)
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Method to
characterize the
heroes
direct
indirect
(through their
actions)
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Conflict
(the challenge main characters need
to solve to achieve their goals)
Internal
(within a
character's mind)
External
(between a
character and
exterior forces)
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The 2 parties of the
conflict are
the
protagonist
the
antagonist
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1. Themes, ideas
2. Composition, images
3. Lexical and grammatical
expressive means
4. Sound and graphical form of the text
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Metaphor
Метафора
Personification Олицетворение
Allusion
Аллюзия
Antonomasia
Антономазия
Simile
Сравнение
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Metonymy
Метонимия
Synecdoche
Синекдоха
Hyperbole
Гипербола
Meiosis
Мейозис
Litotes
Литота
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Euphemism
Эвфемизм
Periphrasis
Перифраз(а)
Irony
Ирония
Zeugma
Зевгма
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Epithet
Эпитет
Oxymoron
Оксюморон
Pun
Игра слов
Paradox
Парадокс
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Inversion
Инверсия
Detachment
Обособление
Parallelism
Параллелизм
Chiasmus
Хиазм
Suspense
Саспенс
Antithesis
Антитеза
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Enumeration
Перечисление
Gradation
Градация
Asyndeton
Бессоюзие
Polysyndeton
Многосоюзие
Ellipsis
Опущение
Aposiopesis
Апозиопезис
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1. Themes, ideas
2. Composition, images
3. Lexical and grammatical
expressive means
4. Sound and graphical form of the text
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Onomatopoeia Ономатопея
Assonance
Ассонанс
Consonance
Консонанс
Alliteration
Аллитерация
Rhyme
Рифма
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stress
Male //
position
Adjacent:
(dreams-streams)
aabb
Female /. /.
Сrossing:
(duty-beauty)
Dactylic /.. /..
(tenderly-elderly)
abab
Ring: abba
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Rhythm is regular recurrence of
elements or features (long and short
sentences, stressed and unstressed
syllables, etc.)
In verse rhythm is regular succession
of weak and strong stress.
Metre is a rhythmic pattern of verse
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Poem
Stanzas
Lines
Feet
Stressed and unstressed syllables
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Poem
Stanzas
Lines
Feet
Stressed and unstressed syllables
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Disyllabic
Trisyllabic
Trochee /-
Dactyl /--
Iamb(us) -/
Amphibrach -/Anapaest --/
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Poem
Stanzas
Lines
Feet
Stressed and unstressed syllables
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Number of lines Type of stanza
2
Couplet
3
Triplet
4
Quatrain
5
Quintet
6
Sextet
8
Octave
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The most important
graphical means are
- punctuation marks (?!...–)
- CAPITALIZATION
- specific type
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1. Themes, ideas
2. Composition, images
3. Lexical and grammatical
expressive means
4. Sound and graphical form of the text
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1. Themes, ideas
2. Composition, images
3. Lexical and grammatical
expressive means
4. Sound and graphical form of the text
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1. Themes, ideas
2. Composition, images
3. Lexical and grammatical
expressive means
4. Sound and graphical form of the text
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1. Themes, ideas
2. Composition, images
3. Lexical and grammatical
expressive means
4. Sound and graphical form of the text
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1) POETRY is distinguished by meter and
rhythm (epic poem, ode, sonnet, elegy,
ballad, etc.)
2) DRAMA сontains dialogues and stage
directions and is performed in front of
an audience (comedy, tragedy, etc.)
3) PROSE is a set of sentences organized
into paragraphs, chapters, parts, etc.,
without metre or stage directions (short
stories, novellas and novels: historic,
detective, science fiction, etc.)
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1) EPIC GENRES aim at depicting
reality (most genres of prose)
2) LYRICAL GENRES concentrate on
the inner world of a person (the
author) (most poetry)
3) DRAMATIC GENRES combine both
ways and show the inner world of a
person through his/her behavior in
real situations (genres of drama)
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