Learn the ways of incorporating sources in your academic essays

1.

Lessons objectives
• Learn the ways of incorporating
sources in your academic essays
• Demonstrate your understanding of
the reasons sources are used in
academic writings

2.

Which one of these could be a reason to use sources in
your paper ?
• Provide
background
information
(history/theory) or context
• Supply evidence (statistics/research
findings that back up a claim) for or
help to develop an argument or
illustrate the problems
• Provide support from an expert or
authority on the topic

3.

Three Steps for Integrating Your Evidence
1. Summarize, paraphrase or quote each piece of evidence
2. Introduce the evidence
3. Connect the evidence to the topic sentence

4.

The three main ways to incorporate a source are
• Summarizing - capture the key points
of a text
• Paraphrasing - rewording the relevant
idea(s) from a source
• Quoting - the original wording of the
text is important to the discussion

5.

6.

Format when you don’t know the name of the author
Use the article title.
Include information about the author if
he or she is an expert on the topic. Do
this only the first time you use a source

7.

Common Verbs for Introducing Evidence
A neutral stance towards the evidence
Disagreement or doubt about piece of
information

8.

To present information from a study

9.

Connecting the evidence to the topic sentence
The “Sandwich Approach”

10.

Example of comparison/contrast paragraph with incorporated sources
Topic sentence: Organic food is believed to be healthier than conventional food.
Supporting sentences: A 2017 study conducted by the Stanford
University School of Medicine found (introducing the evidence) that organic food
had significantly lower levels of pesticide residue than conventional food
(Hassim, 2018) (inserte evidence). This means that those who choose to buy
organic food are exposed to fewer synthetic chemicals (analyses).
Additionally, the antioxidants found in organic food have been linked to a
reduced risk of certain chronic diseases, including heart disease and
certain types of cancer (Mann, 2017). Therefore, switching to organic food
could be beneficial for overall health.
Concluding sentence: The higher nutrient content of organic food can be
beneficial for people who are trying to maintain a healthy diet.

11.

Review test

12.

1. Name the parts of the body paragraph
2. Which sentence?
signals the end of the paragraph
summarizes the important points briefly or
restates the topic sentence in different words

13.

which sentence?
expresses the main idea in a paragraph
tells the reader what the paragraph will be
about
and then the rest of the paragraph is built
around this topic

14.

Which sentences?
explain or prove the topic sentence
are specific and factual
can be examples, statistics, or quotations

15.

• Why must you cite every source?
• How many ways are there to incorporate
sources? Name them
• When are quotations appropriate?
• What is a “sandwich approach”?
• What is inside the “sandwich”?

16.

Individual work (25 minutes )
Identify facts/evidence from your sources that relate
and support the topic sentence
Then using the “Sandwich approach” incorporate
that evidence

17.

References
• Integrating sources: Positioning and stance. (2016, September 19).
[Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yMRGXVI_hq
• Integrating Sources into Your Writing. (2016, September 15). [Video].
YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gy-xXWGW-cs
• Incorporating Sources into Research Writing. (2014, March). Academic
Center for Excellence. http://www.germanna.edu
• Integrating Sources. (n.d.). Documenting Research. Retrieved December
7, 2020, from https://dlc.dcccd.edu/englishcomp1rlc-units/integratingsources?user=dcccd&passw=1dcccd234
• Smrt English. (2012) Paragraph structure. Video retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NLzKqujmdGk

18.

Thank you
for your attention!