Research Methods

1.

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Unit 4
Research Methods

2.

By the end of this lesson you
will be able to:
1. learn about three types of research
2. learn about theoretical methods
3. learn about qualitative research methods
4. learn
. about quantitative research methods
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3.

What is research?
Research is a scientific way of answering questions
and testing hypothesis.
Research is the systematic and objective analysis and
recording of controlled observations that may lead to
the development of generalizations, principles, or
theories, resulting in prediction and possible control of
events .
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4.

Why do research?
1
- to discover
new facts
- to verify or
test important
facts
2
- to analyze
an event,
- process or
phenomenon
3
- to identify a
cause/effect/
relationship
- to develop
scientific tools,
concepts and
theories
4
- to find
solutions to
scientific
problems
- to
overcome
problems
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5.

Three types of research
Basic or theoretical
Applied
Types of
research
Practical
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6.

Research types
Basic or theoretical
- pure, fundamental research
- discovery of new knowledge; theoretical
in nature
- takes many years for the results of basic
research to find some practical utility
Applied
- central purpose to solve an immediate
problem
- improved products and processes
- infers beyond the group or situation
studied
- interpretation of results relies upon basic
research
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7.

Research methods
Research methods are the strategies, processes or
techniques utilized in the collection of data or
evidence for analysis in order to uncover new
information or create better understanding of a topic.
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8.

Research methods
Theoretical research methods
Empirical research methods
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9.

Theoretical research
methods
Classification
Definiton
methods
Analysis
Induction
Generalization
Deduction
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10.

Identify the type of theoretical method in
each situation?
a statement giving the meaning of a word or expression in the
research
the way of arranging the data in different classes in order to
give a definite form and a coherent structure to the data
collected
an act of reasoning that involves drawing broad inferences
from particular observations
a method of drawing conclusions by going from the specific to
the general.
It works from the more general to the more specific.
Sometimes this is informally called a “top-down” approach.
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11.

Empirical research
methods
Methods
Qualitative
Quantitative
to understand meanings
look at, describe and
understand experience,
ideas, beliefs and values
seeks answers to questions
that stress how social
experience is created and
given meaning subjects that
are difficult to quantify
collect quantitative data
measure variables verify
existing theories or
hypotheses or questioning
them data often used to
generate new hypotheses
emphasizes the
measurement and analysis
of causal relationships
between variables, not
processes.
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12.

Comparison of research methods
Match:
Qualitative
Quantitative
Data – numbers, statistics
Data – words, pictures or objects
Uses tools to collect data
Deductive – based on logical analysis of
available facts
The researcher documents the results using Researcher discloses biases, values, and
objective knowledge
experiences that may impact interpretation
of results
Gathers data through interviews,
observations, content analysis
Inductive – derived from specific examples
The researcher carefully designs all aspects The design emerges as the study unfoldshe
of study before collecting data.
Researcher may only know roughly in
advance what he is looking for.
Researcher knows clearly in advance what
he is looking for.
How many?
What and why?

13.

Quantitative methods types
Correlational research
Experimental research
Descriptive research
Survey research
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14.

Research methods
Correlational
Correlational research is
used to establish a
relationship between two
close entities and to
determine how one impacts
the other
Survey
The most important purpose of
the research is to widely
explain the characteristics of
a particular group or a
bunch of population
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15.

Research methods
Descriptive
The aim of descriptive
research is to explain and
interpret, the current status
of people, settings,
conditions, or events.
Experimental
Experimental research, is
usually based on one or
more theories. It is based on
one or more than one
theory.
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16.

Practical (empirical)
methods
Questionnaire
Observation
Focus group
Survey
methods
Interview
Experiment
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17.

Task 3 Which method is described in the following
descriptions?
There are no set questions and the participant is given the
opportunity to raise whatever topics he/she feels are relevant
and ask them in their own way. In this kind of method much
qualitative data is likely to be collected.
This method can be thought of as a kind of written interview.
They can be carried out face to face, by telephone or post. The
questions asked can be open ended, allowing flexibility in the
respondent's answers, or they can be more tightly structured
requiring short answers or a choice of answers from given
alternatives.
It is where the researcher doesn’t tell the participants that they
are being checked until after the study is complete.
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18.

Task 1 Watch a video about the difference
between survey and questionnaire
https://youtu.be/nfPPt0BtVbU
Answer the questions
1. What is a survey?
2. What is a questionnaire?
3. What is the difference between survey and questionnaire?
4. Which method is conducted on target audiences?
5. Which method is distributed to the respondents?
6. Which method has only close ended questions?
7. Which method has open and close ended questions?
8. Which method is the quickest, inexpensive way of collecting the data?
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19.

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20.

Unit questions:
What is a research method?
What theoretical research methods do you know?
What are two types of empirical research methods?
What is qualitative research method?
What is quantitative research method?
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21.

Self study tasks
Study following articles and find out what methods have been used in
these studies.
1. Basics of historical knowledge as a key concept of education: case of Kazakhstan
http://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.085126633460&origin=resultslist&sort=plff&src=s&imp=t&sid=f6f768379b5dba06c5e805ced5a4989c&sot=br&sdt=a&sl=62&s=SOUR
CE2. Towards critical multicultural teacher education in the midst of ethno-nationalism: Korean preservice teachers’ international learning experiences
MinsikChoib https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2020.103155
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22.

References
1.Sagimbayeva J.E., Kurmanayeva D.K., Tazhitova G.Z.,
Kassymbekova N.S. English course book “Environment and
Natural Resources Protection” for Master students of
“Management and Engineering in the field of Environmental
Protection educational programs” – Nur-Sultan, 2022
2.Vander Stoep, Scott W. Research methods for everyday life :
blending qualitative and quantitative approaches. USA. 2009
3. Peter Newby. Research methods for education. Routledge.
New York. 2014
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23.

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