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Belarus: time travel into the past

1.

Prepared by: Grodzitski
Igor, Kayuta Polina,
Kovalskaya Hanna
Belarus: time travel
into the past
Supervisors: T. V. Baryshnaya, T. P.
Sakhonchik

2.

Naroch
Ivye
Lesnaya
Chechersk
Bereza
Domachevo
Tyrov
Stasino

1750s, slutsk
The first belt manufacture (persyarnya) was
established in Nesvizh, but in the 1750s, by order of
Mikhail Kazimir Radziwill Rybonka, it was moved to
Slutsk which has long been famous for skilled
weavers.
They are declared to be
a cultural
heritage of Belarus. They were
made of silk, gold and silver
threads, with floral ornament,
3.5-4m long and 35-40 cm wide.
They could be one-, two-, threeand four-facial. Only noblemen
could afford wearing these
exceptionally beautiful, symbolic
and expensive elements of
https://www.belarus.by/
costume.
ru/about-belarus/culture/
slutsk-belts

4.

Слуцкiя ткачыхi
Ад родных ніў, ад роднай
хаты
У панскі двор дзеля красы
Яны, бяздольныя, узяты
Ткаць залатыя паясы.
І цягам доўгія часіны,
Дзявочыя забыўшы сны,
Свае шырокія тканіны
На лад персідскі ткуць яны
(…)
Weaving famous
Slutsk belts
was..
(1912, Maxim Bogdanovich)
a female professi
on
a male professio
n

5.

6.

1810, bobruisk
The construction of the Bobruisk fortress began
in 1810 on the site of a medieval castle, on the
right bank of the Berezina River, and just a year
later, the fortress erected at a rapid pace was
ranked
as ain
first-class
defensive structure.
"No fortress
Russia
was as useful as
Bobruisk in 1812,"
wrote Major General
Mikhailovsky in the
book "Heroes of the
Patriotic War." For
more than four
months, its small
garrison held back the
https://planetabelarus.by/
onslaught of twentysights/bobruyskaya-krepost/

7.

In November 1812, Napoleon fled from
our lands, crossing the Berezina. What
river did French troops cross in June
1812 when they invaded the Russian
Empire?
the Dnieper Riv
er
the Neman Rive
r

8.

In November 1812, Napoleon fled
from our lands, crossing the Berezina.
What river did French troops cross in
June 1812 when they invaded the
Russian Empire?
the Dnieper
River
the Neman
River

9.

The Stone Age,
22,000-21,000 Berdyzh
The Stone Age is split into three
separate periods: Palaeolithic,
Mesolithic and Neolithic.The most
significant Stone Age settlements in
Belarus have been discovered in
Berdyzh (1926, near Chechersk) and
Yurovichi (1929, near Kalinkovichi).

10.

In the Paleolithic
period, early humans
lived in caves or simple
huts and were hunters
and gatherers. They
used basic stone and
_________tools, as well
as crude stone axes, for
hunting birds and wild
animals. They cooked
their prey, including
woolly mammoths, deer
and bison, using
controlled fire. They
also fished and
collected
berries, fruit
bone
and nuts.
bronze

11.

12.

1793, Grodno
The "silent Sejm“ (June 17 -November 23,
1793)
The Sejm adopted the new Constitution of the
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and silently
ratified the second partition of the country in a
vainOld
attempt
The
Castle to
andprevent its subsequent
complete
annexation.
the
New Castle
of
Grodno are the only
royal residences that
survived on the
territory
of Belarus.
https://planetabelarus.by/
publications/23-sentyabryaposledniy-seym-rechipospolitoy-v-grodno/

13.

The first partition of the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth..
1772
1791

14.

The first partition of the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth..
1772
1791

15.

1934-1939,
bereza-Kartuzskaya
The concentration camp in Bereza-Kartuzskaya was
established by the Polish authorities on June 17, 1934 as
a place of extrajudicial internment of opponents of the
ruling regime. According to official data, there were
about 3 thousand prisoners. Each prisoner had his own
serial
number.
Aa a result
of the Polish
authorities’ polonisation
in 1938/39 academic
year in West Belarusian
provinces there were no
Belarusian schools left
(to compare: in the early
20s, there were 8 high http://
bereza.museum.by/
schools, 400 primary
node/59467

16.

Western Belarus reunited with the
Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic
(BSSR) in..
1939
1945

17.

Western Belarus reunited with the
Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic
(BSSR) in..
1939
1945

18.

1916, naroch
The main fighting unfolded on the territory of the present
Postavsky and Myadelsky districts. The active part of the
Naroch operation began on March 18 and lasted about 10
days in extremely unfavorable weather conditions.
The German defense
consisted of three lines,
was heavily fortified and
well thought out:
several rows of barbed
wire, behind which
there was a network of
trenches and passages.
As a result, it was not
possible to break
through the German
defense. At the same
https://www.sb.by/articles/gorkiy-narochanskiy-khlebtime, the losses were
pervoy-mirovoy-voyny.html

19.

Lake Naroch is popularly called the
"Belarusian Sea" for its colossal size. In
addition to military operations during
the First World War, it is also known..
Fishing strike against Po
lish authorities, 1935-19
39
During the Great Patrioti
c War , the Central Head
quarters of the partisan
movement was organized
there

20.

Lake Naroch is popularly called the
"Belarusian Sea" for its colossal size. In
addition to military operations during
the First World War, it is also known..
Fishing strike against
Polish authorities, 19351939
During the Great
Patriotic War , the
Central Headquarters of
the partisan movement
was organized there

21.

1708, Lesnaya
One of the decisive battles of the Northern
War (1700-1721), the Battle of Lesnaya took
place on September, 28 (October 9), 1708.
From 1700 till 1717
the population of
Belarus reduced
from 2.2 million to
1.5 million people.
https://
istoriarusi.ru/car/
bitva-u-lesnoy-28sentyabrya-1708.html

22.

The Battle of
Lesnaya is often
called «the
mother of the
battle of
__________________
___ » (1709)
Poltava
Narva

23.

The Battle of
Lesnaya is often
called «the
mother of the
battle of
__________________
___ » (1709)
Poltava
Narva

24.

1915-1917, Smorgon
«The Belarusian Verdun»
• During the First World War
The Russian Army recruited at
least 800,000 Belarussians.
• The siege of Smorgon lasted
for 810 days.
• The population of the town
reduced from 16,000 people to
150.
https://
посткомсг.рф/
history/196513/

25.

«_______________ACADEMY»
The influential princes Radziwills had an innovative
idea - to train and sell ___________________________.
Studying at the Academy was organized around three
pillars. _________ were trained in fighting with another
________ or with a man; in fighting the dogs; in comedy
acting. The last task was the most difficult: beasts
learned to bow, dance and march, look at themselves in
the mirror and many other, equally original tricks. The
techniques and training used at the Academy were very
effective. After training, quite highly educated and wellmannered artists-_______ received a standing ovation at
fairs not only in Belarus but
also abroad.
bears
monkeys

26.

27.

1942, stolin
In two days, on September 11 and 12, all
prisoners of the Stolin ghetto – about 7,000
people - were killed.
Genocide in Belarus :
• 260 death camps
• 70 ghettos
• 140 punitive operations
• 629 razed Belarusian
villages
• 5,454 burned
Belarusian villages
(10,215 (A.Shved, 2022)
• 209 destroyed towns
https://planetabelarus.by/publications/tragediya-urochishchastasino-istoriya-odnogo-iz-krupneyshikh-zakhoroneniy-v-belarusi/

28.

During World War II, this death camp became the
largest in Belarus and the Soviet Union. In terms of
the number of victims it was the fourth after
Auschwitz, Majdanek and Treblinka (206, 500
victims).
Trostenets
Ozarichi

29.

30.

1675, pinsk
Welcome to Pinsk Jesuit
Collegium!
The local college was
one of the largest
educational centers of
the Grand Duchy of
Lithuania and was
almost on par with
universities in terms of
the quality of education.
It trained the character
ofThe
student
by rigid
system
of education was limited to
discipline
the studyand
of religious
two main cycles of sciences https://
planetabelarus.by/
instruction.
— first the "trivium" (grammar, rhetoric,
dialectics), then the "quadrivium"
(arithmetic, geometry, astronomy,
music). It also promoted physical
sights/pinskiykollegium-iezuitov/

31.

Who is the author of the trilogy
"Polessky Chronicles"?
Ivan Melezh
Vasil Bykov

32.

Who is the author of the trilogy
"Polessky Chronicles"?
Ivan Melezh
Vasil Bykov

33.

1564, Domachevo
An amazing and mysterious people - the Golendras
(from «holländer» — «голландцы») – founded two
settlements, Neidorf and Neibrov, near Domachevo.
These skillful peasants and craftsmen from Holland
were invited to develop wetlands of the Western Bug
River. The golendras were Lutherans by religion. They
adopted a mixture of Polish, Ukrainian and Belarusian
as their language. During the Stolypin agrarian
reforms, a part of the Golendras moved to the Irkutsk
Region in Siberia.
https://www.realbrest.by/novosti/istorija-bresta/golendry-zagadoc
hnyi-ischeznuvshii-narod-s-beregov-buga.html

34.

The first Protestant Church in Belarus was
created in Brest by Mikołaj "the Black"
Radziwiłł. Calvinism became the branch of
Protestantism that spread the most in the
Grand Duchy of Lithuania:
False
True

35.

36.

February 9,1852, Minsk
Opening night for «Sielanka» («Idyll»),
the first opera in the Belarusian
language.
https://nashilyudi.by/person/
vincent-duninmarcinkevich/
The 19thcentury
Belarusian
playwright
Vintsent DuninMartsinkevich is
called the
founder of the
national theater.

37.

who composed the music
to «Sielanka»?
Polish and Belarusian composer,
the creator of the Belarusian
national classical opera and the
first Belarusian national
symphonic works. His music is
filled with patriotic folk themes.
Born in Ubel Manor (Cherven
District, Minsk Region).
Michał
Kleofas Ogińs
ki
Stanislaw Mon
iuszko

38.

39.

1665, brest
The decision to establish a mint in Brest was
made by the Warsaw Sejm in March 1659.
However, due to the devastating and
prolonged war between Russia and Sweden,
which covered almost the whole territory of
the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the production
of coins was set up only in 1665.
The mint existed for
just over a year, with
over 24 million coins
produced over that
period.
https://vb.by/society/history/
monetka-iz-berestya-kak-vnashem-gorode-monetnyj-dvorotkryvali.html

40.

In 1409, during a secret meeting in Berestye
castle the Polish King Vladislav II (Jagiello)
and the Grand Duke of Lithuania Vytautas
made a plan of the battle of Grunwald, a
decisive battle with the _________
the Teutonic Ord
er
the Livonian Or
der

41.

42.

1898, VItebsk
On June 18, 1898, the first electric tram
was launched in Vitebsk, earlier than in
Moscow
and St. Petersburg.
In order to start up
tram
traffic, it was necessary to
build a power plant. An
enterprising Frenchman
Fernand Guillon built a power
plant working on oil and wood
(1897). It not only provided
electricity for trams, but also
illuminated the most
important city houses: the
governor's palace, the
headquarters of the Dvina
military district, a court, a
hotel, an infirmary and a
https://usefultravelarticles.com/
3730-museum-of-the-history-ofvitebsk-tram-description-andphotos-belarus-vitebsk.html

43.

In 1898, Vitebsk became the 4th city with municipal
electric transport in the Russian Empire. What major
political event was held in secrecy in Minsk in the
same year?
The 1st Congress
of the RSDLP (Р
СДРП)
the 1st Congress
of the Bund

44.

45.

1564, chashniki
After the capture of Polotsk, Ivan the Terrible
planned a campaign further into the lands of
INCL.
On the way to Orsha, near the town of Chashniki
on the Ula River, Nikolai Radzivil the Red and
Grigory Khodkevich, at the head of a Lithuanian
detachment (6000 people), blocked the way to
the
Moscow
army (20,000 people) of voivode
The defeat
of the
Peter Shuisky.
Moscow
army was
complete. The Moscow
campaign against the
Belarusian lands in
1564 was stopped.
Shuisky, who fled from
the battlefield, was
https://history-belarus.com/pages/
killed by local
events/battle_ula.php
peasants.

46.

The ________________________, (1558–83) was a
prolonged military conflict, during which
Russia unsuccessfully fought Poland,
Lithuania, and Sweden.
the Livonian War
the Northern Wa
r

47.

The ________________________, (1558–83) was a
prolonged military conflict, during which
Russia unsuccessfully fought Poland,
Lithuania, and Sweden.
the Livonian War
the Northern
War

48.

1685, Vetka
• the Old Believers’
settlement
• 40,000 inhabitants
in 1772 (to compare:
100,000 in Moscow,
5,000 in Gomel)
• unique icons
decorated with
pearls
https://belarus- • exceptional wood
travel.com/christianity/
https://smartpress.by/
carving
idea/smartideya/

49.

The Old Believers have retained
religious traditions in the same form
as they were at the time when the
Kiever Rus was formed in 988. The
Old Believers always kneel when
praying. They make the sign of the
cross with two fingers.
Do you know what the number 7531
represents?
The current year (AD 2
023) 7531 (before Sept
ember 1; and 7532 afte
r September 1).
The number of
Old Believers in Belar
us

50.

The Old Believers have retained
religious traditions in the same form
as they were at the time when the
Kiever Rus was formed in 988. The
Old Believers always kneel when
praying. They make the sign of the
cross with two fingers.
Do you know what the number 7531
represents?
The current year (AD
2023) 7531 (before
September 1; and 7532
after September 1).
The number of
Old Believers in
Belarus

51.

XIIth century, mstislawl
Knight helmet, XVth century
Founded in 1135
The first mention of
the city dates back to
1156, it was found in
the Ipatiev
Chronicle.
Mstislavl is famous
for its historical sites
and archaeological
finds in the Vihra
River and at Castle
https://mstlife.by/be
restjanye-gramotyHill.
mstislavlja.html

52.

The most notable finds include two birchbark
documents which were discovered during
archaeological excavations at Castle Hill in Mstislavl.
According to researchers, the birchbark inscription
below (2014) dates back to the beginning of the
XIIth century. What does it represent?
records of d
ebts
child’s writin
g practice

53.

54.

1870, …….?
• The first paper mill in Belarus
was founded there by F.
Paskevich.
• 1882, 1896 - Awards of AllRussian Exhibitions
• 1889 - the first power plant
• 1903 - number 8 in the list of
factories of the Russian
Empire
• 900 workers
• School, hospital
https://geroytruda.by/en/history/

55.

Where is This paper mill
situated ?
This town stands on the
Iput River and often
called “the town of 13
bridges".
Gomel
Dobrush

56.

Where is This paper mill
situated ?
This town stands on the
Iput River and often
called “the town of 13
bridges".
Gomel
Dobrush

57.

WW1, 1915-1918, mogilev
• 43,000 inhabitants
• Teacher institute
• Military capital of the
Russian empire during
the WW1
• In the years 1915-1917,
Nicholas II spent long
periods at the Stavka
(headquarters) in
Mogilev. He would arrive
on the Imperial Train,
which made frequent
journeys back and forth
https://посткомсг.рф/history/196
between
Tsarskoye Selo

58.

WW2, July 4 - 26, 1941
The soldiers of the Red Army and the People's
Militia repelled numerous fierce enemy
attacks on Mogilev. The heroic defense of
Mogilev tied down four German infantry
divisions, delaying their attack on Gomel for a
week. The most important battle took place at
________________________ Field.
Buinichi
Saltanovka

59.

60.

11TH century, Turov
• Turov Principality,
alongside Polotsk, was a
powerful centre of
Belarusian statehood.
• The Turov Gospel, one
of the first masterpieces
of the East Slavic
written language, was
created here in 10561057.
• Turov’s cathedral was
the second largest
A legend says that the stone crosses came
upstream the Dnieper and Pripyat rivers church in Belarus after
from Kiev where Prince Vladimir baptized https://magicflash.ru

61.

The first mention of Turov in
"The Tale of Bygone Years"
862
980

62.

The first mention of Turov in
"The Tale of Bygone Years"
862
980

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