Physical properties of ferrite nanocomposite doped with transition metal ions

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Outlines
1- Introduction
2-Aim of the Present Work
3-Experimental Techniques
a- Sample preparation
b- Sample Characterization
4- Result and discussion
5- Conclusion
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1.Introduction
1.1Classification of Magnetic Materials

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Diamagnetic
Atoms have no magnetic moment. Susceptibility is small and
negative, -10-6to-10-5
Para magnetic
Atoms have randomly oriented magnetic moment. Susceptibility is
small and positive, 10-5to10-3
Ferromagnetic
Atoms have parallel aligned magnetic moments, magnetic
susceptibilities as high as106 .
Antiferromagnetic
The spin alignment is in antiparallel manner So net magnetic
moment is zero, Susceptibility is small& positive, +10-5 to+10-3
Ferri magnetic
Atoms have mixed parallel and antiparallel Aligned magnetic
moments ,So they possess net magnetic moment
Susceptibility is very large and positive.

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1.1.1.magnetic moment in the absence of the magnetic field

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1.1.2.magnetic moment Under the effect of magnetic field

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1.2.What are Ferrites?
A ferrite is a ceramic material made by mixing and firing
large proportions iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3, rust) blended with
small
proportions
of
one
or
more
additional metallic elements.
They are both electrically non-conductive, meaning that
they are insulators, and ferrimagnetic, meaning they can
easily be magnetized or attracted to a magnet.

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1.3.Crystal structure of ferrites
Types
Molar ratio
Representation
Spinel
MFe2O4
MeO is a transition
metal oxide
Garnet
Me3Fe5O12
Me2O3 is a rare earth
metal oxide
Ortho
AFeO3
A is rare earth elements
like HO, Dy, Er, Y, Yb
Hexaferrite
MeFe12O19
MeO is a divalent
metal oxidefrom group
IIA
e.g. BaO, CaO, SrO

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1.3.1.Crystal structure of spinel ferrite

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1.4. Types of spinel ferrite
Normal Inverse Mixed
spinel
spinel
spinel

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1.5.hysteresis curve

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1.6.Historical review
Abdullah Dar et al. (2009) studied Cd2+ doped Zinc ferrite (ZnCdxFe2-xO4; x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2,
0.3 and 0.5) prepared by the egg-white technique, and sintering at two different temperatures,
800°C and 1100°C. XRD measurements showed an increase in lattice parameter from 8.41A to
8.44°A for 800°C and from 8.42 to 8.45°A for 1100°C. The dielectric constant (