Types of figurative language

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Lecture 3
Types of figurative language

2.

Figurative language
Figurative - if you use words in a figurative way, you use
them not in their normal literal meaning but in a way that
makes a description more interesting or impressive.
FL - is the use of words in an unusual or Imaginative
Manners. There are several types of FL that are used in
modern English

3.

1.Simile
2.Metaphor
3.Hyperbole
4.Personification
5.Alliteration
6.Onomatopoeia
7.Idiom

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A language is used to convey a complicated meaning,
colorful writing, clarity, or evocative ( comparison. Fiction
writers use Figurative Language (FL) to engage their
audience using a more creative tone that provokes thinking
and sometimes humor. It makes fiction writing more
interesting and dramatic than the literal language that uses
words to refer to statements of fact.The comparison offers the
reader fresh and interesting way of looking at the thing being
described.
(evocative - pictures,music,sound,words creates a clear image of smth)

5.

You can improve your English comprehension and conversation
skills by adding Metaphors, Similes, and Hyperbole into your daily
speech it makes learning English fun. Writers use them to explain
things, to express emotion, and to make their writing more vivid –
producing very clear detailed images in the mind) and entertaining. They
are often used in descriptive writing to create vivid sight and sound
images. They are used to encourage the reader draw comparison
between to seemingly unrelated things, and find similarities between
them.

6.

1 SIMILE
Do you know what a 'simile' is? Do you know the difference between
a metaphor and a simile? Similes are expressions that compare two
different things. We use these expressions to make our spoken and
written English sound clearer, nicer, and more poetic at the same time.
Native speakers use similes often. Most of the time you will be
able to understand the meaning from the context, but it is good to
know some common similes so that you can start using them yourself!
In today's lesson, I'll teach you the difference between a simile and
a metaphor, and go over some examples of similes I hear in everyday
life. Similes are a fun part of the English language

7.

So, the simile is when you say A is like B. -or A is as big as B or
as small as B, so it's comparing using "like" or "as". Whereas the
metaphor is when you say A is B. If you say: "He is a pig", it's not
literally true, but he behaves like a pig. But: "He is a pig" is a metaphor.
If you say: "He is like a pig", that's a simile because you're using the
word "like" and comparing him with a pig. So, let's just have a look at
a few examples. Also, because similes use either "like" or "as", we're
going to look at some examples using "like" to begin with, and then
we'll move on to look at a few "as" examples. So these are all examples
that you would hear in everyday life that people tend to use, so they're
quite familiar ones.

8.

So first one: "She eats like a pig." Which isn't a very nice thing to say
about someone, but if she's quite... makes a mess and a lot of noise,
you know what a pig eats like, she eats like a pig. So it's not a very nice
thing to say about someone, but it's comparing "she", a woman or a
girl, comparing her to the way a pig eats. "She eats like a pig." So
that's a simile. So, a similar example to that is: "He drinks like a fish."
This usually means alcohol. Not just water, but it's usually alcohol;
beer, wine, whisky, anything. "He drinks like a fish." Again, it's not a
nice thing to say about somebody, but it can sometimes be true, so...
Of course, fish, I don't know if fish actually drink water, but because
they live under water, they're immersed in water; water is all around
them. So that's the idea, this man who drinks is surrounded by liquid.
It's that sort of idea. "He drinks like a fish."

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Next example is using... We've got animals, and fish, and another
animal now: "I've been working like a dog." And that means
working really hard. Working like a dog. You may know a Beatle
song called "A Hard Day's Night", and that is part of the lyrics
of that song. "I've been working like a dog." Which is actually
true sometimes. Maybe if you're talking about two children, a
brother and a sister, for example, who are always fighting-this often
happens, I think-you can say: "They are fighting like cat and dog.“
Because cats and dogs don't always... They're not always very
friendly with each other. So traditionally, cats and dogs perhaps fight.
So: "They are fighting like cat and dog.“
So all of these, it's "like", comparing.

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Coming back to a little bit like eating, drinking: Smoking is another
thing that people do, which isn't a very healthy thing to do. So if you
say to someone: "You smoke like a chimney." Cigarettes, cigars, a
pipe, maybe, any tobacco. And a chimney is what you get on a house,
the smoke comes out of the chimney. There's the roof of the house,
the smoke comes out of the chimney if you have a fire in the house.
So if you say to your friend: "You smoke like a chimney." it's not a
very nice thing to say, but maybe you will persuade them to stop
smoking, because it's very bad for your health. So, that's a very
common expression anyway.

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And then finally in this section, you can say... If you're
waiting for something and you're waiting a really long time,
you can say: "It's like watching paint dry." If you've been
painting a wall or a door with a paint and a brush, when
you've painted something, it takes a few hours for the paint
to dry. So if you're waiting for something to happen, and
you're waiting, and you'd rather like it to happen quite
quickly, but you've been waiting 10 minutes and it's still
not happening, you can say: "It's like watching paint dry."

12.

A Simile is a figure of speech (образное выражение) that
compares two unlike things and uses the words “like” or
‘as’ and are commonly used in everyday communication.
A Simile is used with the aim of sparking an interesting
connection in the reader’s mind. Example of a Simile is
‘’The cat sat in the chair like a king overlooking his
kingdom.’’ The sitting posture of the cat is compared to
that of a king who relaxes in a special chair that is reserved
for him and not any other person in the kingdom.

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Similes compare two different things by saying one thing is like
the other. This is done by using the words ‘’like’’ or ‘’as’’ for
example ‘’He was as fast as a sports car” here we don’t need
to explain that he is really fast because we picture a sports car
which we know is really fast. Other examples of similes
include:
The boy was as brave as a lion in the jungle
The new neighbor is as curious as a cat nothing escapes her
attention.

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2 METAPHOR
A metaphor is a statement that compares two things that are
not ‘alike. Unlike Similes, metaphors do not use the words
‘like’ or ‘as’. Such statements only make sense when the reader
understands the connection between the two things being
compared. An example of a popular metaphor is “Time is
money.” The statement compares time and money, and it does
not literally mean that the amount of time you have equals the
money that you have. Instead, it means that time is a valuable
resource, and it should be used effectively to earn money, any
time wasted means that a person loses the chance to make more
money.

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Another common metaphor is “Your brain is a computer.” People
use this metaphor when explaining how information is stored and
how connections are made in brain by saying your brain is a
computer the brain takeson the functions that a computer has this
makes easy to understand how the brain works
Other examples of metaphor include:
The warrior has a heart of stone
Baby, you are my sunshine
Chaos is a friend of the legislator (someone who has the power
and authority to create new law)

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3 HYPERBOLE
Hyperbole is an exaggeration that is created to
emphasize a point or bring out a sense of humor.
Also hyperbole is a way of emphasizing what you
are saying by describing it as far more extreme than
it is really is. It is often used in everyday
conversation without the speaker noticing it. It is
used to add depth and color to a character.

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An example of hyperbole is ‘’I would die for you.’’ This
sentence does not mean that one person is willing to die for
the other, but it used to exaggerate the amount of love that one
person has for another person. Death is only used to show the
extent of the affection. Other examples of hyperbole:
I have told you a million times to wash the dishes.
You are so slender that the wind can carry you away
The afternoon is so bright that the sun would have to wear
sunglasses.

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4 PERSONIFICATION
Personification is a type of figurative language that gives
human habits to non-living objects. One more explanation of
personification is when a thing, idea or animal is given
human attributes. Using personification affects the way
readers imagine things, and it sparks an interest in the
subject. An example of personification is: “The sun greeted
me when I woke up in the morning.’’ The sun is nonhuman object but has been given human characteristics since
greetings can only be performed by living creatures.

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Other examples of personification include:
My alarm clock yells at me every morning.
The birds sung with joy.
The car brakes screamed all through the
journey

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5 ONOMATOPOEIA [onaumэtepiэ]
Onomatopoeia – the use of words such as ‘’buzz’’
and ‘’thud’’ that sound like the sound which they
refer to. Also onomatopoeia is a word that imitates
the natural sounds of a thing. One more explanation
of onomatopoeia is a language that names something
or an action by imitating the sound associated with it.
They add some reality to the writing and speaking.

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Examples:
I love sizzling bacon.( sizl the sound of food
cooking in hot oil sausages)
The fireplace heater hissed and cracked
The dog will bark when I walk pass.
The truck engine roared as it climbed the hill.

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6 ALLITERATION
Alliteration is when a number of words have the same first
consonant sound. Alliteration is the repetition of the same
initial letter in successive (coming or happening one after
another in a series) words for an effect. Examples of
alliteration:
The red roses were wrapped in ribbon
The lion licked his lips
Those horses have heavy hooves.