Types of text. What is a text?

1.

Types of Text

2. What is a text?

• In a broad sense, a text refers to any written, printed, or spoken material
that communicates a message or conveys information. It can encompass
various forms, including written documents, books, articles, emails,
essays, speeches, conversations, and more. A text can be composed of
words, sentences, paragraphs, or even multimedia elements such as
images, videos, or audio recordings.
• In the context of written communication, a text
typically refers to a written piece of
communication that has a specific purpose,
structure, and intended audience.

3. Types of text

• Each text has a purpose (has a reason for being written)
• They can be:
• Instructive
• Informative
• Persuasive
• Descriptive
• Narrative
• Expository

4. Instructive or Injunctive texts (a text that instructs you or tells you how to do something)

• Examples include:
• Regulation ("controlling human or societal behaviour by rules or restrictions." Regulation can take many forms: legal
restrictions adopted by a government authority, self-regulation, social regulation (e.g. norms), co-regulation and
market regulation. One can consider regulation as actions of conduct imposing sanctions (such as a fine).)
• Advertising
• Cooking recipe
• medicine package
• Instruction manual
• Training plan
• Possible features of instructive texts:
Use ‘must’ or ‘must not’
Short sentences
Use bullet points or numbers
Use pictures to help your understanding
• Run to the end of the road. Turn left. Run to the corner, then stop.

5. Informative texts ( a text that wants to advise or tell you something)

• Examples include:
• A newspaper article about a post match report
• A website giving information about a band/team/event
• Features of informative texts are:
• Avoid repetition
• Give facts
• Provide information in a clear way
• In today’s lesson you will learn about 4 different types of text

6. Persuasive texts (created to make you do something)

• Examples include:
• Advert
• Charity event
• Joining a gym
• Features of persuasive texts are:
• Text in capital letters
• Exclamation marks
• Repeated words
• SPECIAL OFFER! Buy today! MISS IT OR MISS OUT!

7. Descriptive texts (a text that want you to picture or imagine something)

• Examples include:
• Novels such as Harry Potter
• Song lyrics
• diary
• reports
• Biography
• News
• Menu
• Features of descriptive texts are:
• Using comparisons to help picture the scene (something is ‘like’ something else)
• Employ the reader’s five senses
• He ran so fast, as fast as lightening strikes.

8. Descriptive texts

• objective description: realistic or denotative
description of something without any value
judgment.
• subjective description: description that
involves the author's personal impressions and,
therefore, presents the connotative sense of
language.

9. Narrative text

• The fundamental mark of the narrative text is the existence of a plot, in which the
characters' actions, marked by time and space, are developed.
• Thus, the narration encompasses what we call the 5 elements of the narrative:
• Plot: designates the story of the narrative. Depending on how the plot is told, it is
classified into two types: linear plot (chronological sequence) and non-linear plot
(does not have a chronological sequence).
• Storyteller: also called narrative focus, represents the "voice of the text", that is, it
determines who is telling the story. The types of narrator are: observer narrator (not
part of the story, being just an observer), character narrator (is part of the story) and
omniscient narrator (knows all the details of the narration).
• instagram story viewer

10. Narrative text

• Characters: are those that are part of the story and can be:
main characters (protagonist and antagonist) or secondary
characters (adjutant or supporting).
• Time: marks the moment when the plot is being developed. It
is divided into two types: chronological time and psychological
time.
• Space: represents the place (or places) where the story is
developed and which can be: physical, psychological or social.

11.

• Structure of narrative texts
• Narrative texts have a basic structure: presentation, development, climax and
outcome.
• Presentation: this is the introduction of the text, where some of its main
characteristics are presented, such as time, space and the characters that are part
of the plot.
• Development: designates most of the text, where the characters' actions in a
sequence of events are developed.
• Climax: represents the most exciting, surprising and tense part of the narrative.
• Outcome: is the final part of the plot, determined by the end of the entire story. In
it, the fate of the characters is revealed.

12.

• Some examples of narrative texts
• Tale
• Fable
• Romance
• Novel
• Chronicle

13. Expository Text-The expository text intends to present a theme from resources such as conceptualization, definition,

description, comparison, information and enumeration. Thus, the main
objective of the issuer is to explain, discuss and explain about a certain subject.
• Types of expository texts
• Expository texts are classified into two types:
• Informative-exhibition text: aims to transmit information, without any value
judgment.
• Expository-argumentative text: focuses on the exposition of a theme with the
defense of opinion.
• Some examples of expository texts
• Seminars
• interviews
• Speeches
• Encyclopedia
• dictionary entry

14.

• The main difference between an expository speech and an informative speech lies in their
primary focus and purpose:
• Expository Speech:
An expository speech aims to explain or clarify a specific topic or concept to the
audience. It provides in-depth information, explores the subject matter, and often
presents various perspectives or viewpoints. The focus of an expository speech is on
providing a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter and promoting critical
thinking.
• Informative Speech:
An informative speech is primarily focused on delivering factual information to the
audience. Its purpose is to impart knowledge, raise awareness, or provide instructions on
a particular topic. Unlike an expository speech, an informative speech typically does not
provide extensive analysis or present multiple perspectives. Instead, it focuses on
presenting clear and concise information in a straightforward manner. The primary goal of
an informative speech is to provide the audience with new or useful information.

15.

In summary, while both expository and informative
speeches involve providing information to the audience,
the key difference lies in the depth of analysis and the
presentation style. Expository speeches delve into multiple
perspectives and aim to promote critical thinking, while
informative speeches focus on delivering clear and concise
information without extensive analysis.