Structure of the Human Eye

1.

Structure of the
Human Eye
The human eye is an incredibly complex and intricate organ,
responsible for our sense of sight. It works by converting light
into electrical signals that are transmitted to the brain, allowing
us to perceive the world around us.

2.

The Cornea and Sclera
The cornea is the transparent outer layer of the eye, responsible for focusing light onto the retina. The sclera is
the white outer layer of the eye, which provides support and protection.
Cornea
Sclera
The cornea is a tough, transparent layer that protects
The sclera is the white outer layer of the eye that
the eye and helps focus light. It's like a window into
gives it its shape and protects the delicate inner
the eye, allowing light to pass through.
structures. It's like a tough shell that surrounds and
protects the eye.

3.

The Iris and Pupil
The iris is the coloured part of the eye that controls the size of the pupil. The pupil is the black opening in the
center of the iris, which allows light to enter the eye.
Iris
Pupil
The iris is the coloured part of the eye, responsible
The pupil is the black opening in the center of the
for controlling the amount of light that enters the
iris, which allows light to enter the eye. It can
eye. It's like a diaphragm in a camera, regulating the
dilate and constrict to adjust to different light
aperture.
levels.

4.

The Lens and Retina
The lens is a transparent structure behind the iris that further focuses light onto the retina. The retina is the light -sensitive layer at
the back of the eye, containing photoreceptor cells that convert light into electrical signals.
Lens
Retina
The lens is a flexible structure that changes shape to focus
The retina is the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye,
light onto the retina. It's like a magnifying glass, adjusting
containing photoreceptor cells that convert light into electrical
the focal point to ensure clear vision.
signals. It's like a film in a camera, capturing the image and
converting it into a signal.

5.

The Optic Nerve
The optic nerve is a bundle of nerve fibres that connects the eye to the brain. It transmits
electrical signals from the retina to the brain, allowing us to interpret visual information.
Brain
The brain receives the electrical signals from the optic nerve and interprets them, allowing us
to perceive visual information.
Eye
The eye converts light into electrical signals, which are transmitted to the brain via the optic
nerve.
Optic Nerve
The optic nerve is a bundle of nerve fibres that connects the eye to the brain, transmitting
electrical signals.

6.

Common Eye Conditions
Common eye conditions can affect the eye's structure and function,
potentially leading to impaired vision. Some common conditions
include myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and cataracts.
1
Myopia
2
Hyperopia
Nearsightedness,
Farsightedness, difficulty
difficulty seeing distant
seeing near objects.
objects.
3
Astigmatism
4
Cataracts
Blurred vision caused by
Clouding of the natural
an unevenly shaped cornea.
lens of the eye.

7.

Maintaining Eye Health
Maintaining good eye health is essential for preserving our vision. Regular
eye examinations, a balanced diet, and protective measures can help prevent
eye problems.
1
Regular Eye Exams
Regular eye examinations are crucial for detecting early signs
of eye problems and managing eye health.
2
Protective Measures
Protecting your eyes from harmful UV rays, wearing safety
glasses, and following proper hygiene practices are essential
for maintaining eye health.
3
Healthy Diet
Consuming a balanced diet rich in vitamins and antioxidants can
contribute to overall eye health and prevent eye diseases.