London. History

1.

LONDON
London is the
capital city of
England and of the
United Kingdom
situated on the
Thames river, the
largest city in
Britain and one of
the largest cities in
the world.

2. HISTORY

London began on two small patches of dry
land in the middle of a marsh on the north bank
of the Thames. That was before the Romans
came. In Roman times it was named
Londinium, and was already a centre of trade.
Today London covers a vast area, with millions
of inhabitants.

3. CITY OF LONDON

Actually there are several
Londons. First, there is the City of
London. It is an area of one square
mile running along the Thames
Embankment from about Waterloo
Bridge to Tower Bridge. It is the
financial and business centre of Great
Britain. About half a million people
work there during the day. At night it
is almost deserted.

4. THE WORLD LAGEST PORT

The existence of London depended on its
water-born trade which still makes London
one of the world’s largest ports. Historical
and geographical circumstances have turned
London into one of the world’s most
important commercial and cultural centre.

5. LONDON AS A CULTURAL CENTRE

London has many different faces.
-There is the West End, a fashionable
shopping and entertainment centre, where,
mostly, well-to-do people live.
-There is Mayfair stretching from the
West End along Park Lane to Marble Arch.

6. London is a capital city of Great Britain. Over 3 milion people live there. It is situated on The River Thames, divides London

into two parts: the East End and the West
End.
The East End were homes of
workers and poor people.
In the West End there are the financial and comercial centre
with the Bank of England and other important bussines
offices.

7. Buckingham Palace

The Buckingham Palace is the royal residence
since the last century, it is the private of royal
family. It is rounded by park. Turists come to see
changing of the Guards.

8.

9. The Big Ben

10.

THE BIG BEN

11. Westminster Abbey

This is a holy place.
All English kings have been crowned and
buried in the church since 1308

12. Westminster Cathedral

It was built between 1895 and 1903.
This is the seat of the
Cardinal Archbishop and the leading
Roman Catholic Church in England.
Its bell tower is 84 metres high.

13. The Houses of Parliament

This big palace is
the most
famous building in the
world – the British
Parliament.
The building is
280 metres long.
There are more
than 1000 rooms.

14. Big Ben

Big Ben, the big clock tower,
is the symbol of London.
It strikes hours.

15. Imperial State Crown

The Tower’s greatest treasure is
the Imperial State Crown.
There are 2 800 diamonds on it.

16. Telephone booths

From here you can call your friends

17. Double-deckers

There are big red buses
called double-deckers in
London.
People sit upstairs and
downstairs on these
buses.
Tourists like them very
much

18. Madame Tussauds Waxmuseum

King Henry VIII with his wives

19. Madame Tussauds Waxmuseum

Here you can see famous people, good
and bad, made of wax.
This is Queen Elizabeth I.

20. St. Paul’s Cathedral

St.Paul’s Cathedral is a famous building
too.
Prince Charles and Princess Diana married
here in 1981.

21. Tower of London

22. Description

The Tower can be described as a "palimpsest". The oldest
visible structure is the White Tower (which is 11th century);
other elements added over the centuries are evident, right up
to modern additions, most of which cater for the tourist or
security needs.
The Tower today is principally a tourist attraction. Besides
the buildings themselves, the British Crown Jewels, a fine
armour collection from the Royal Armouries, and a remnant
of the wall of the Roman fortress are on display.
The tower is manned by the Yeomen Warders (known as
Beefeaters), who act as tour guides, provide discreet
security, and are something of a tourist attraction in their
own right. Every evening, the warders participate in the
Ceremony of the Keys, as the Tower is secured for the night.

23. Tower Bridge

24.

• Construction of the bridge started in 1886 and took 8 years,
employing 5 major contractors and 432 construction
workers. Two massive piers, containing over 70,000 tons of
concrete, were sunk into the river bed to support the
construction. Over 11,000 tons of steel provided the
framework for the towers and walkways. This was then clad
in Cornish granite and Portland stone, both to protect the
underlying steelwork and to give the bridge a pleasing
appearance.
• Jones died in 1887, and his chief engineer, Sir John WolfeBarry, took over the project. Wolfe-Berry replaced Jones'
original mediaeval style of facade with the more ornate
Victorian gothic style that makes the bridge a distinctive.

25.

26. MUSIC

27.

London is one of the major music capitals in the world and is home to
one of the five major global music corporations EMI. London and its
surrounding Home Counties have spawned iconic and popular artists
through the years, including:
• The Rolling Stones
• Pink Floyd
• Eric Clapton
• Iron Maiden
• Genesis
• Elton John
• Queen
• Radiohead
• Coldplay
• Robbie Williams
• Bernard Butler

28. The Queen of Great Britain

The Queen of Great Britain is Elizabeth II.
Her husband is Duke of Edinburgh.
They have got 4 grown-up children: Prince
Charles, Princess Anne, Prince Andrew
and Prince Edward.