Lecture 7

1.

Process Paragraph
Lecture 7

2.

3.

Your are going to learn:
• 1- How to organize steps using time order words
• 2- Using imperative
• 3- Using modals of advice, necessity, and
prohibition.
• 4- learn about process organization.
• 5- brainstorm ideas and specific vocabulary to
use in your writing.
• 6- Create an outline for your process paragraph.

4.

Process Paragraph
•How to: This gives the reader
steps or directions on how he or
she can do something.
• Process writing is useful when writing on
history, business, the sciences, psychology,
and many other areas

5.

Process Organization
• A process paragraph describes how to do
something by explaining the steps involved. It
is organized logically with clear, step-by-step
instructions, uses transition words to guide
the reader, and provides enough detail to
ensure the reader can follow along
successfully.

6.

7.

Key Characteristics of a Process
Paragraph
1. Clear Sequence:
1. A process paragraph must present the steps in the correct order. This allows the reader to
follow the instructions without confusion. Each step should naturally follow the previous one.
2. Transition words like first, next, then, finally are often used to show the order of steps.
2. Detailed Instructions:
1. Every step in the process should be explained clearly and with enough detail. Avoid skipping
steps, even if they seem obvious, because the reader may not know what to do without
specific guidance.
2. Example: Instead of saying “mix the ingredients,” explain how to mix them (e.g., “Stir the flour
and sugar together in a bowl using a spoon until they are evenly combined”).
3. Consistent Language:
1. The language in a process paragraph should be direct and consistent. Use simple, clear
sentences that explain exactly what the reader needs to do.
2. Example: “First, boil the water. Then, add the pasta to the pot.”
4. Purpose:
1. The purpose of a process paragraph is to help the reader complete a task successfully.
Whether it’s a recipe, an instructional guide, or a description of how something works, the
goal is to give enough detail for the reader to do the task correctly.

8.

Process Paragraph
• 1- Topic sentence
• 2- Supporting Sentences
• 3- Concluding Sentence

9.

• 1- Topic sentence
• The topic sentence introduces the process
that the writer will explain.

10.

2- Supporting Sentences
• The middle sentences describe a sequence of steps
that give detailed information about the stages of
the process.
• Give background details that help define the process
for the reader or explain why this process is useful or
necessary.
• Include the tools needed for the task.

11.

3- Concluding Sentence
• The paragraph ends with a concluding
sentence that restates the topic sentence
using different words.
• Include a suggestion or writing to help the
reader do the task more easily.

12.

Time order words
First,
Second,
Next,
Then,
Later,
After that,
Finally,
• Then is not followed by a comma
• Before and after
• Before you close your suitcase, check your list.
• Begin packing after you have eliminated all unnecessary items.

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17.

Using imperative
• To give instructions, directions, or to tell steps in
a process.
• Addresses the reader directly.
• Does not required a subject, but the subject you
is always implied.
• Open the door.
Be quiet or you may disturb the fish.
For a negative imperative, use do not.
Do not let your finger get caught in the string.

18.

Modals of Advice, Necessity, and
Prohibition
• Should and must
• Advice
• Should ( advice, tips, suggestion)
• You should study hard before any exam.
• Necessity
• Must (rules- laws)
• You must bring your ID card with you.
• Do not have (not necessary)
• You do not have to pay a fee to enter the museum.

19.

• Prohibition
• Should not and must not
• You should not open the oven while the cake
is baking.
• You must not drink alcohol.

20.

Affirmative Statements with
Should/must
subject
Should/ must
Base form of verb
Should
must
come.
I
You
He
She
It
We
They

21.

Negative statements with
Should/must
subject
Should/ must
Base form of verb
Should not
Must not
come.
I
You
He
She
It
We
They

22.

Negative Statements with Have to
subject
Do/does Have to
+ Not
Base form of verb
I
Do not
You
He
She
It
Does not
We
Do not
They
come.

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28.

Process Paragraph Checklist
• 1- Does the topic sentence tell what the task is?
• 2- Does the topic sentence contain a controlling idea?
• 3- Do the supporting sentences include a sequence of steps that
give detailed information. Background details, and the tools needed
for the task?
• 4- Did you use time order words to separate the steps?
• 5- Did you use imperatives to give directions or instructions?
• 6- Did you use modals to express advice, necessity, and
prohibitions?
• 7- Does the concluding sentence offer a suggestion or warning to
help the reader do the task more easily?
• 8- Did you capitalize the first letter of each sentence and put end
punctuation at the end?

29.

Process Paragraph Checklist
• 1- Does the topic tell what the task is?
• 2- Does the topic contain a controlling idea?
• 3- Do the supporting sentences include a sequence of steps that
give detailed information, background details, and the tools needed
for the task?
• 4- Did you use time order words to separate the steps? 5- Did you
use imperatives to give directions or instructions?
• 6- Did you use modals to express advice, necessity, and
prohibitions?
• 7- Does the concluding sentence offer a suggestion or warning to
help the reader do the task more easily?
• 8- Did you capitalize the first letter of each sentence and put end
punctuation at the end?