Biology

1.

Yankovsky Egor
Biology
By: Hasanov Egor
Pugachev Vladislav

2.

Terms of biology
Biology is the science of living things and their interaction with their
environment. Studies all aspects of life, specifically: structure, function,
growth, origin, evolution, and distribution of living organisms on Earth.
Classifies and describes living things, the origin of their species, and their
interactions with each other and with the environment.

3.

The founders of biology
Charles Robert Darwin was a British
naturalist, geologist, and biologist whose
work had an huge impact on the
development of nineteenth-century
science. He is best known for his theory
of evolution through natural selection,
which became the foundation of modern
biology. His writings continue to have a
significant impact on scientific research
and are still relevant today.

4.

Study of the fauna and flora of the
Galapagos Islands
During his trip on the ship HMS Beagle (18311836), Darwin conducted a huge amount of
research in the Galapagos Archipelago. This is
where he noticed the differences between species
on different islands, which provided important
evidence for his theory of evolution.

5.

The origins of species by means of
natural selection
This book, published in 1859,
was Darwin's key work. In it, he
presented his theory of evolution
and the evidence for its
accuracy. The book provoked a
wide resonance in the scientific
community and society at large,
becoming one of the most
authoritative scientific works of
all time.

6.

Human evolution
Even though Darwin himself
avoided direct discussion of
human origins in his early
writings, he later published “The
Origin of Man, and Sexual
Selection”, where he considered
human evolution from a common
ancestor with monkeys.

7.

The founders of biology
Alfred Russel Wallace was an
English naturalist, explorer,
geographer, and anthropologist
who made major discoveries and
contributions to the theory of
evolution. Although his name is
often mentioned together with
Charles Darwin's, Wallace had a
number of independent
discoveries and ideas that
influenced the development of
biological sciences.

8.

Independent discovery of the theory
of natural selection
Wallace came up with ideas similar to those
of Charles Darwin regarding the mechanism of
evolution through natural selection. He
developed his ideas independently of Darwin
and even sent him a letter summarizing his
theory in 1858. This led to both scientists
presenting their work together at a meeting of
the Linnean Society in London.

9.

Wallace line
One of Wallace important discoveries is the
so-called Wallis Line, an imaginary boundary
running between the islands of Bali and
Lombok, and between Borneo and Sulawesi.
This line separates two different
zoogeographic regions: the Asian fauna to the
west and the Australian fauna to the east. The
discovery of the Wallis Line was a big step
forward in understanding biodiversity and
species distribution.

10.

Anthropological research
In parallel to his research in biology, Wallace
also studied the indigenous peoples of
Southeast Asia. He was interested in their
culture, traditions and way of life, which
allowed him to make important contributions
to anthropology.

11.

Conclusion
Alfred Russel Wallace was an outstanding scientist whose discoveries and
research have left a deep mark on science. His independent works on the
theory of evolution and his detailed studies of the flora and fauna of
Southeast Asia made him an important figure in the history of biology and
geography.