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1.

Intonation of the English
Language
LECTURE 8

2.

?
?Intonation?
?

3.

Intonation
melody (pitch of the voice),
sentence stress,
temporal characteristics
duration,
tempo,
pausation,
timbre,
rhythm

4.

?
?Functions of intonation?
?

5.

Functions of Intonation
grammatical
emotional
Functions
informational
textual
psychological
indexical

6.

Grammatical Function

7.

Functions of Intonation
Emotional function
Informational function
I’ve got a new book.
I bought four books

8.

Functions of Intonation
Textual function
radio news-reading
sports commentary
Psychological function
perceiving, memorizing
Indexical function
personal / social identity

9.

Functions of Intonation
• sex
• age
Extra-linguistic • social status
factors
• personal traits
• emotions
Speech
registers
• Intonation styles

10.

?
?Intonation Styles?
?

11.

Prosodic parameters
Pitch
tone
tune = melody

12.

Prosodic parameters
Range (diapason)
1/3 of pitch range

13.

Prosodic parameters
Loudness
amplitude

14.

Prosodic parameters: Pauses
One-unit pause
Two-unit pause
Three-unit pause
Within intonation group

15.

Prosodic parameters: Pauses
Pauses
filled
unfilled

16.

She is the most ≀ charming girl I’ve
ever seen.
She is rather a … good student.
Where does she live? – Um, not very far
from here.

17.

Prosodic parameters: Pauses
Pauses
syntactic
emphatic
hesitation

18.

Prosodic parameters
Timbre of the voice
emotions
moods

19.

Prosodic parameters
Sentence stress
Accented
words
Force of
utterance
Changes in
pitch

20.

?
Stress vs Accent
?

21.

Sentence stress
accent
stress
• Nuclear stress
• Non-nuclear
stress
• full
• partial

22.

Prosodic parameters
Rhythm
Rhythm units
Stress shift
Unstressed
syllables
proclitics
enclitics

23.

Which unstressed syllables are
pronounced faster?
?Proclitics vs Enclitics?

24.

Prosodic parameters
Tempo
When are we likely to speak fast?
When are we likely to speak slowly?

25.

Intonation pattern
Pitch movements
+
Tempo of speech
=
Intonation pattern

26.

Intonation pattern
Syntagm
Pauses (stops of phonation)
Intonation group

27.

Intonation pattern
•Pre-head
•Head (+Nucleus)
•Tail

28.

Types of Nuclei

29.

Types of Heads
Heads
Level
Ascending
Descending

30.

Types of Heads
Stepping
Falling/Rising
Sliding
Scandent