1916-1917 жылғы Ұлт- азаттық көтеріліс: Тарихи сабақтар

1.

1916-1917 6O?—O ´?F474FFOŸ >íF5DV?VE: &4D<E<
E454ŸF4D
Ą? ?D575AF4F8O84 5K7 1916-1917 6O?84D84ĀO ž474ŸEF4A84ĀO Ą?F474FFOŸ >‹F5DK?KEFK§ F4D8GOA, >AO§ E555?F5DKA, 54DOEOA, E4?84DOA
6~A5 Ÿ47KD7K Ÿ>Ā4@ pLKA @4§O7OA Ÿ4D4EFOD4@O7.

2.

íF5DV?VEFV§ 4?—OL4DFF4DO: % % —4EOD4O§
E>§O=44—O 64—44=
% % Ā4EOD8O§ 4OĀO @5A %% Ā4EOD8O§ 54EOA84 $5E5=
8@?5D8OEOAO§ ž474ŸEF4AĀ4 >F4D?4F E4OE4FO >pL5=8K. 5D
@~E5?5EK L85?5AKEK?, Ÿ474ŸF4D8O§ 8~EFpD?K L4DF4LO?OĀO
@5A ‹@KD E4?FO 5Ą7O?8O.
5D8K§ >F4D?4FO: ,ĄD4=?O 65D?5D >DOE L4DF4?4DOA4
55DK?8K.
%4?OŸFO§ ‹EFK: %4?OŸŸ4 E4?OŸ 4FODF?4?OĀO 4DFFO.
KA8 ŸOEO@: E?4@ 8KAKA5 L5>F5F?5D Ÿ>=O?8O.
Ü?5F@5FFK> F5§EK78K>: F4DLO? ~>K@LK?K> 65D7K?K>FK
G4?OŸFO 5>KALK E>DFFO E4A48O.

3.

1916 6O?—O 25 <4GEO< 64D?O—O: íF5DV?VEFV§
=57V77V E5555V
4D?OŸFO§ <47<µ=O
%4?OŸFO§ =4D47O?O—O
íF5DV?VEFV§ 54EF4?GO
KDKALK 8pA856p7K?K> E>ĀOEŸ4
Ą? 64D?OŸ 65D7K?K>FK G4?OŸFO§
4D?OŸFO§ LOĀFO ž474ŸEF4AAO§
Ÿ4FOEF pLKA $5E5= 8@?5D4F>DO
p?>5A A4D47O?OĀOA FF8OD8O,
54D?OŸ 4=@4ŸF4DOA84 EF8G8O?OŸ
8>>?4= II 19 64EF4A 43 64EŸ4
‹=F>5AK Ÿ474ŸF4D @4=84A84
FpD85 >‹F5DK?KEF5D8K§ 54EF4?FOA4
85=KA7K 5D 474@4FF4D8O @4=84A
E>ĀOEŸ4 Ÿ4FOEF84A
FpDF>K 5>?8O. %4?OŸ "4Ÿ ?4FL4AO§
6Ą@OEF4DOA4 4?F FFD4?O 64D?OŸ
5>E4FO?Ā4AO@5A, FO?
64D?OĀOA4" Ÿ4DEO FĄDO?, ‹7
LOĀ4D8O.
6Ą@OEF4DOA4 6K55DK?FK >?4D pLKA
65D?5DKA Ÿ>DĀ4FĀ4 55? 5F8O.
4FOD E>ŸŸO 5>?8O. Ą? 8~EFpD?K
Ÿ474Ÿ Ÿ>Ā4@OA84ĀO ~E>5D8
@KA85FFK§ 5>?@4FO@5A 6~A5 FO?
6Ą@OEF4DOA 54EO54=?O?OŸ 85?
E4A4F@5A 54=?4AOEFO 5>?8O.

4.

íF5DV?VEFV§ >L4ŸF4DO <5= 65F5>LV?5DV: &>D—4=
<5= 5FVEG
&>D—4= >L4—O
5FVEG >L4—O
@4A75?8K @4A>6 54EF4Ā4A &>DĀ4=84ĀO >‹F5DK?KE 5§ KDK
5FKEF84ĀO >‹F5DK?KE 65F5>LK?5DK 5>5>?4F ÜL5>556, ă74Ÿ
6~A5 Ą=O@84EŸ4A >L4ŸF4D8O§ 5KDK 5>?8O. Ü58KĀ4??4D
54FOD, ~@5§>5 ~@55FĄ?O, ÜF5~>KD 6~A5 54EŸ4?4D 5>?8O.
4A5>EOAĄ?O E4D84D55> 5>?O? E4=?4AO?,
Ą? 4=@4ŸF4ĀO >‹F5DK?KE ‹F5 Ÿ4FO7578K>?5A 54EO?-
>‹F5DK?KELK?5D75 54ELO?OŸ 5FFK. Ą? 4=@4ŸF4ĀO
64ALO?8O. DOE ~E>5D?5DK @5A Ÿ4DF?O L4DF4?4D Ÿ474Ÿ
>‹F5DK?KELK?5D8K§ E4AO 50 @O§ 484@Ā4 85=KA 65FFK.
4FO?84DOA ŸODO?, F>A48O.

5.

ž4DG?O Ÿ4ŸFO—OEF4D 6Ý=5
>¯D5E H>D<4?4DO
‹F5DK?KELK?5D A57K7KA5A 8~EFpD?K Ÿ4DF?4D@5A (A4=74, E484Ÿ, 4=54?F4)
Ÿ4DF?4AĀ4A 5>?E4, ?4FL4 ~E>5D?5DK 75§5KD5>F5D @5A ?F?5@5FF5D8K
Ÿ>?84A8O. %>Ā4A Ÿ4D4@4EF4A, Ÿ474ŸF4D ?4DF874A8OŸ E>ĀOE ~8KEF5DKA
F8K@8K ?4=84?4A8O.
´=O<44EG
‹F5DK?KELK?5D G4?OŸFOŸ 64E4ŸF4DĀ4 5KDK7K?, ‹7 54ELO?4DOA
E4=?48O. ?4D8O§ 4D4EOA84 ~E>5D8 F~6KD855EK 54D 54FOD?4D
84 5>?8O.
,45GO?44D
‹F5DK?KELK?5D >F4DLO? ~>K@LK?K> >DF4?OŸF4DOA4, ?>?8F8O
55>5FF5DKA5 6~A5 >DOE Ÿ>AOEF4DOA4 L45FO? 64E48O.
ž>D—4=OE
‹F5DK?KELK?5D 55>KAKEF5D E4?O?, ?4FL4 ~E>5D?5DKAK§
L45FO?84DOA4 Ÿ4DEO FĄD8O. OE4?O, &>DĀ4=84ĀO
>‹F5DK?KELK?5D 5KDA5L5 4= 5>=O Ÿ4DEO?OŸ >‹DE5FFK.

6.

4FL4 ¯>V<5FV=V§ 6474?4G
L4D4?4DO <5= 7>D?OŸ7><5O?O—O
"1916 6O?—O >íF5DV?VE Ÿ474Ÿ
E4?ŸO=O§ F4D<EO=44—O 5§ 4GOD
EO=4ŸF4D4O§ 5VDV 5>?4O. 5E5=
<<?5D<OEO >=O 4OGEO7 54EO?64=LO4O."
4FL4 p>K@5FK >‹F5DK?KEFK 54EO?-64ALF pLKA p?>5A ~E>5D8 >pLF5D8K
6Ą@O?8OD8O. 474?4F >FDO8F4DO 6K55DK?K?, 4FO?84D ‹DF5?K?, 55=5KF
G4?OŸ ŸODO?8O. 5E@8 85D5>F5D75 E~=>5E, @O§84Ā4A 484@ Ÿ474 F4FO?,
6p78575A @O§ 484@ FFĀ4A 65DKA5A >5FF75 @~65pD 5>?8O.
OFEO7 6474?4F: ‹F5DK?KELK?5D @5A >?4D8O§ >F54EO @pL5?5DK
Ÿ4F4§ 6474?4A8O.
4?-@p?K>FK F~D>K?5F: %4?OŸFO§ @4?O @5A @p?>K F4DFO? 4?OA8O.
‹?F575A Ÿ474ŸF4D žOF4= @5A >§Ā>?8OĀ4 Ÿ>AOE 4F84D8O.

7.

íF5DV?VEFV§ 74D44?F4DO: 44< LO—O=O 6Ý=5
<<7D4F<O
ƒ474 F4?„4A84D
4D4?4AĀ4A84D
>Ā4?Ā4A84D
ƒ>AOE 4F84DĀ4A84D
‹F5DK?KEFKŠ 74D84?F4DO „474„ G4?„O pLKA ‹F5 4FOD 5>?8O. OŠ84Ā4A 484@ „474 F4FO?, 6p78575A @OŠ 484@ FFĀ4A 65DKA5A
>5FF75 @~65pD 5>?8O. Ą? G4?O„FOŠ 85@>7D4D8O?O„ 64Ā84=OA4, M>>A>@8>4EO @5A @~85A85FKA5 p?>5A ~E5D 5FFK. 5=5KD
85D5>F5D 5>=OAL4, 300 @OŠA4A 4EF4@ „474„ ƒOF4=Ā4, >ŠĀ>?8OĀ4 6~A5 54E„4 5?85D75 5>EO? >5FFK.

8.

1917 6O?—O Ÿ?4= Fí§>5DVEV 6Ý=5
>íF5DV?VELV?5D4V§ >5LVDV?GV
&í§>5DVEFV§ ÝE5DV
5LVDV< 6Ý=5 >D4?G
1917 6O?ĀO Ÿ?4A F‹§>5DKEK $5E5= 8@?5D8OEOA ŸĄ?4FO?,
'4ŸOFL4 p>K@5F >‹F5DK?KE>5 Ÿ4FOEŸ4A84DĀ4 >5LKDK@
'4ŸOFL4 p>K@5FFK§ 58?K>>5 >5?FKA5 ~>5?8K. Ą? >Ÿ8Ā4
64D8O?4?, >?4D8O§ FFĀ4A 65D?5DKA5 >D4?FOA4 @p@>KA8K>
ž474ŸEF4A84ĀO Ą?F-474FFOŸ Ÿ>7Ā4?OEŸ4 84 ~E5D 5FFK.
55D8K. ‹?F575A Ÿ474ŸF4D 5?75 Ÿ4=FO? >D4?Ā4AO@5A,
>‹F5DK?KEFK§ E4?84DO Ą74Ÿ F4ŸOF 5>=O E57K?K? FĄD8O.
Ą? >575§85 Ÿ474Ÿ 78O?O?4DO ?4L>D84 p>K@5FKA ŸĄDO?,
Ą?FFOŸ 46F>A>@8O pLKA >pD5E 54EF48O. ‹F5DK?KE F~6KD855EK
5>?4L4Ÿ Ą?F-474FFOŸ Ÿ>7Ā4?OEF4D pLKA @4§O78O E454Ÿ
5>?8O.

9.

´?F-474FFOŸ Ÿ>7—4?OEFO§ F4D<E< <4§O7O
´?FFOŸ E4=4=O§ >O=GO
&ÝG5?EV74V>>5 µ<FO?OE
‹F5DK?KE Ÿ474Ÿ G4?ŸOAO§ Ą?FFOŸ E4A4EOA >OFFO 6~A5
Ą? >‹F5DK?KE Ÿ474Ÿ G4?ŸOAO§ 5>EF4A8OŸŸ4 6~A5
5>?4L4Ÿ Ą?F-474FFOŸ Ÿ>7Ā4?OEF4D8O§ A57K7KA Ÿ4?48O.
F~F5?EK78K>>5 8575A Ą@FO?OEOA 4=ŸOA >‹DE5FFK.
4FOD?OŸ ?5= 5D?V>
&4D<E< E454Ÿ
‹F5DK?KE 54FOD?OŸFO§, 5D?K>FK§ 6~A5 F4AĀ4 8575A
1916 6O?ĀO >‹F5DK?KE Ÿ474Ÿ G4?ŸOAO§ F4D8GOA84ĀO
Ep=KE?5ALK?K>FK§ E8@6>?OA4 4=A4?8O.
@4§O78O >Ÿ8Ā4 D5FKA85 5>?4L4Ÿ ĄD?4ŸF4DĀ4 E454Ÿ 5>?O?
Ÿ4?8O.

10.

ž>DOFO=4O: 1916 6O?—O
>íF5DV?VE µ?FFOŸ DGEFO§
E<<6>?O
1916 6O?—O µ?F474FFOŸ >íF5DV?VE 3
Ÿ474Ÿ E4?ŸO=O§
F4D<EO=44—O
5D5>L5 <4§O7—4 <5
>Ÿ<—4.
Ą? >‹F5DK?KE >F4DLO?8OŸŸ4 Ÿ4DEO >pD5EFK§, 5>EF4A8OŸŸ4 8575A
Ą@FO?OEFO§ 6~A5 Ą?FFOŸ DFGFO§ @O7ĀO@4EFOĀOAO§ 4=ŸOA 8~?5?K
5>?8O. ? Ÿ474Ÿ G4?ŸOAO§ F~F5?EK78K>>5 65FF 6>?OA84ĀO >pD5EKAK§
@4§O78O >575§K 6~A5 ĄD?4ŸF4D pLKA ‹L?5E 5D?K> p?7KEK 5>?O? Ÿ4?4
55D58K.