ПЗ 11 Фразовое ударение

1.

2. Word-stress (video)

3. The Structure and Functions of Utterance-Stress p.80

4.

Utterance- stress (sentence-stress) is a prosodic phenomenon of
speech with a linguistic function of indicating the relative
importance of various elements in an uttrance.
The effect of phonetic prominence is based on a complex of
prosodic modifications (an increase of the force of articulation
(intensity), length (duration) and pitch level (fundamental
frequency of the voice)).
The articulation of a vowel also plays a role in the perception of
utterance-stress: a syllable prominent on utterance level always
has a full quality vowel.

5.

Utterance-stress is realised through syllabic prominence, it
embraces the whole word.
When we deal with utterance-stress we speak about the
prominence of words carrying greater semantic weight for
the message.
It is accurate to define peculiarities of English utterancestress in terms of contrasts between prominent and nonprominent words.
The occurrence /əˈkʌr.əns/ and the distribution of
utterance-stress in an utterance are determined
/dɪˈtɜː.mɪnd/ by semantic and rhythmic factors.

6.

The influence of the rhythmic factor manifests in the placement of
prenuclear stresses, the number and the distribution of which depend
not only on the semantic weight of the words in this parts of the
intonation-group but also on the tendency towards alternating
prominent and non-prominent elements in the speech flow.
The assumption /əˈsʌmp.ʃən/ that utterance-stress in English is
predicted semantically means that its placement in a given sentence is
determined /dɪˈtɜː.mɪnd/ by the circumstances of the speech situation
and speech context.

7.

The classification of English words according to their accentability
is based on the following general principle
stress on notional words and absence of stress on function words
Function words: articles, particles, prepositions, conjunctions, some
pronouns, auxiliary and modal verbs.

8. According to their pronunciation in an unstressed position function words can be divided into several groups

1. Words that are never used in their strong form in an unstressed
position in an utterance.
2. Auxiliary and modal verbs as well as prepositions which are
reduced when unstressed at the beginning or in the middle of an
utterance, but retain their strong form when unstressed at the
end of an utterance.
3. Words that retain their strong form regardless of stress or
utterance position.

9. Практическая часть

1. Тренировочные упражнения:
p. 87 – 89, ex. 1 – 3.

10.

3.
A man is as old as he feels, and a
woman as old as she looks
Who chatters to you will chatter
of you
If a man deceives me once,
shame on him; if he deceives me
twice, shame on me

11. Практическая часть

2. P.89, “Linguistic Talent”
3. p. 90, “Paperwork”

12. 4. “Sonnet 66”, P. 92.

Tired with all these, for restful death I cry,
As, to behold desert a beggar born,
And needy nothing trimm'd in jollity,
And purest faith unhappily forsworn,
Я жизнью утомлён, и смерть — моя мечта.
Что вижу я кругом? Насмешками покрыта,
Проголодалась честь, в изгнанье правота,
Корысть — прославлена, неправда —
знаменита.
And gilded honour shamefully misplaced,
And maiden virtue rudely strumpeted,
And right perfection wrongfully disgraced,
And strength by limping sway disabled,
Где добродетели святая красота?
Пошла в распутный дом, ей нет иного
сбыта!..
А сила где была последняя — и та
Среди слепой грозы параличом разбита.
And art made tongue-tied by authority,
And folly doctor-like controlling skill,
And simple truth miscall'd simplicity,
And captive good attending captain ill:
Искусство сметено со сцены помелом,
Безумье кафедрой владеет. Праздник
адский!
Добро ограблено разбойнически злом,
На истину давно надет колпак дурацкий.
Tired with all these, from these would I be
gone,
Save that, to die, I leave my love alone.
Хотел бы умереть, но друга моего
Мне в этом мире жаль оставить одного.
Перевод В. Бенедиктова