2 Lecture Narxoz anticorruption

1. Fundamentals of Shaping Legal Culture in the Republic of Kazakhstan: Legal Consciousness and Legal Education

FUNDAMENTALS OF SHAPING LEGAL CULTURE IN
THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN: LEGAL
CONSCIOUSNESS AND LEGAL EDUCATION
Yesbol Omirzhanov

2. Content

CONTENT
Concept and Nature of Legal Culture
Legal Consciousness: Concept and Structure
Legal Consciousness and Legal Behavior
Legal Education in the Republic of Kazakhstan
Legal Awareness and Anti-Corruption Culture
Legal Nihilism and Other Problems of Legal Culture

3. Concept and Nature of Legal Culture

CONCEPT AND NATURE OF LEGAL CULTURE
Legal culture is a system of knowledge, values, attitudes, beliefs, and behavioral
practices that reflects an individual’s or society’s understanding of law and their
attitude toward legal norms.

4. Legal Consciousness: Concept and Structure

LEGAL CONSCIOUSNESS: CONCEPT AND STRUCTURE
Legal consciousness is a system of a person’s or society’s ideas, know ledge, view s,
feelings, values, and attitudes tow ard law, legal institutions, rights, duties, and
law ful behavior.
Legal consciousness is closely connected with legal culture: legal consciousness
represents people’s perceptions and attitudes tow ard law, w hile legal culture also
includes the practical ability and habit to act law fully.

5. Legal Consciousness and Legal Behavior

LEGAL CONSCIOUSNESS AND LEGAL BEHAVIOR
Legal consciousness and legal behavior are closely interconnected.
A person's knowledge of the law can influence their behavior, but know ledge alone is not
sufficient. A person may know that an action is illegal but still commit an offense.
Therefore, effective legal behavior requires:
legal knowledge;
understanding of legal consequences;
respect for law;
sense of responsibility;
positive legal values;
willingness to comply with legal norms.

6. Legal Consciousness and Legal Behavior

LEGAL CONSCIOUSNESS AND LEGAL BEHAVIOR
Legal behavior can generally be divided into several forms.
1. Law ful behavior
Behavior that fully complies with legal requirements.
Exam ple: A citizen pays taxes on time and respects the rights of other people.

7. Legal Consciousness and Legal Behavior

LEGAL CONSCIOUSNESS AND LEGAL BEHAVIOR
2. Socially active law ful behavior
A higher level of lawful behavior in which a person actively participates in protecting
and promoting legal values.
Exam ples:
participating in public initiatives;
defending human rights through lawful means;
reporting corruption;
participating in community activities;
helping others understand their legal rights.

8. Legal Consciousness and Legal Behavior

LEGAL CONSCIOUSNESS AND LEGAL BEHAVIOR
3. conform ist law ful behavior
A person follows the law but does not actively participate in public or legal activities.
Exam ple: A person observes legal requirements simply because they are established
by law.

9. Legal Consciousness and Legal Behavior

LEGAL CONSCIOUSNESS AND LEGAL BEHAVIOR
4. Marginal behavior
Behavior that remains within the law mainly because a person fears punishment.
Exam ple: A person does not commit an offense because they are afraid of
administrative or criminal liability.

10. Legal Consciousness and Legal Behavior

LEGAL CONSCIOUSNESS AND LEGAL BEHAVIOR
Legal consciousness performs an important regulatory function .
For example, when a person understands that every individual has the right to
freedom of expression but also has a duty to respect the rights and dignity of others,
this understanding can guide their behavior.
Thus, legal consciousness helps a person answer three questions:
What are m y rights?
What are m y duties?
What are the legal consequences of m y actions?

11. Legal Education in the Republic of Kazakhstan

LEGAL EDUCATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Legal education is a purposeful process of providing individuals with legal
knowledge, developing respect for law, understanding rights and duties, and forming
skills of lawful behavior.
Its main purpose is not simply to teach people legal rules, but to develop legal
consciousness and a strong legal culture.

12. Legal Education in the Republic of Kazakhstan

LEGAL EDUCATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF
KAZAKHSTAN
Higher education institutions develop more advanced legal knowledge and professional skills.
For non-law students, this may include:
fundamentals of law;
constitutional law;
administrative and labor law;
anti-corruption legislation;
human rights;
legal aspects of professional activity.
For law students, education provides systematic professional legal knowledge and practical
legal skills.

13. Legal Awareness and Anti-Corruption Culture

LEGAL AWARENESS AND ANTI-CORRUPTION CULTURE
Legal aw areness is a person's understanding of laws, legal rights, duties,
responsibilities, and the importance of observing legal norms.
Legal awareness helps individuals understand:
what is permitted and prohibited by law;
what rights they have;
what legal duties they must fulfill;
what consequences may result from violations;
how to protect their rights through legal procedures.

14. Legal Awareness and Anti-Corruption Culture

LEGAL AWARENESS AND ANTI-CORRUPTION CULTURE
Anti-corruption culture is a system of knowledge, values, attitudes, and behavioral principles
aimed at preventing, rejecting, and opposing corruption .
It is based on such values as:
honesty;
integrity;
transparency;
fairness;
accountability;
responsibility;
respect for the law.

15. Legal Nihilism and Other Problems of Legal Culture

LEGAL NIHILISM AND OTHER PROBLEMS OF LEGAL
CULTURE
Legal nihilism is a negative attitude toward law characterized by disrespect for
legal norm s, denial of their value, or unw illingness to com ply w ith them .
A person with a high level of legal nihilism may believe that:
laws are unnecessary or unfair;
legal rules can be ignored;
personal interests are more important than legal requirements;
it is acceptable to violate the law if there are no consequences;
legal institutions cannot be trusted.

16. Legal Nihilism and Other Problems of Legal Culture

LEGAL NIHILISM AND OTHER PROBLEMS OF
LEGAL CULTURE
Legal nihilism may develop because of:
insufficient legal knowledge;
ineffective legal education;
negative personal experience with institutions;
perceived injustice or inequality;
corruption;
lack of trust in public institutions;
inconsistent application of laws;
social tolerance of unlawful behavior;
misinformation about law;
weak understanding of citizens' rights and duties.

17. Thank you for attention!

THANK YOU FOR ATTENTION!