Written Scientific and Technical Communication

1. Written Scientific and Technical Communication

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2. Structure of a Scientific Paper

• Title, Authors and Affiliations, Abstract, Keywords
• Introduction
• Materials and Methods
• Results and Discussion
• Conclusion
• References
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3. Structure of a Scientific Paper

• Title, Authors and Affiliations, Abstract, Keywords
• Introduction
• Review of Literature
• Methods
• Results and Discussion
• Conclusion
• References
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4. Structure of a Scientific Paper

• Title, Authors and Affiliations, Abstract, Keywords
• Introduction
• Review of Literature
• Methods
• Results and Discussion
• Acknowledgments
• Conclusion
• References
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5. Structure of a Scientific Paper: Introduction

• Context
Establish the importance of your work
• Need
Write about the opposition between actual and desired
situations
• Task
Clarify your contribution as a scientist
• Object
Prepare readers for the structure of the paper
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6. Structure of a Scientific Paper: Introduction

• Context
Anchor your context in time and space
• Need
Emphasize the contrast with words like
however, but etc.
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7. Structure of a Scientific Paper: Introduction

• Task
Ex.: During controlled experiments, we
investigated the influence of the HMP
boundary conditions on liver flows.
• Object
Ex.: This paper presents the flow effects
induced by increasing the hepatic-artery
pressure and by obstructing the vena cava
inferior.
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8. Structure of a Scientific Paper: Introduction

• Task
We applied, assessed, calculated,
compared, explored, implemented… etc.
• Object
The paper deals with, describes, presents,
reports, summarizes… etc.
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9. Amount/Quantity/Number

• Amount: used with uncountable nouns
• Quantity (more formal): used with both
countable and uncountable nouns
• Number: used with countable nouns
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10. Allow/Enable

• Permit
Ex.: They allowed us to stay here.
• Admit
Ex.: We must allow that money causes problems
in marriage.
• Allocate a certain amount
Ex.: Leaving a half inch of air space in the drum
allows for expansion of the liquid on hot days.
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11. Allow/Enable

1a: to provide with the means or opportunity
Ex.: training that enables people to earn a living
b: to make possible, practical, or easy
Ex.: a deal that would enable passage of a new
law
c: to cause to operate
software that enables the keyboard
2: to give legal power, capacity, or sanction to
Ex.: a law enabling admission of a state
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12. Despite/In spite of/Although

• Despite, in spite of + NOUN
Despite his laziness, in spite of his laziness
Despite the fact that he is lazy…
In spite of the fact that he is lazy…
• Although + CLAUSE
Although he is lazy…
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13. Accuracy/Precision

• Accuracy is the degree to which a result
agrees with the theoretical value.
• Precision indicates how well that result
can be repeated.
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15. Between/Among

used to describe one-to-one relationships
• two items, groups, or people
Ex.: The chair is between the window and the
sofa.
• more than two items, groups, or people
Ex.: The negotiations between the cheerleaders,
the dance squad, and the flag team were going
well.
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16. Between/Among

used to talk about things which are not
clearly separated because they are part of
a group or crowd or mass of objects
Ex.: The scandal caused a division among
the fans.
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