Transmission Media

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Chapter 7
Transmission Media
長庚大學資訊工程學系 陳仁暉 副教授
Tel: (03) 211-8800 Ext: 5990
Email: [email protected]
URL: http://www.csie.cgu.edu.tw/~jhchen
Copyright © NDSL, Chang Gung University. Permission required for reproduction or display.

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Figure 7.1 Transmission medium and physical layer
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Transmission Media
• By definition
– Broadly defined as anything that can carry information
from a source to a destination.
– e.g., air, twisted-pair cable, coaxial cable, fiber-optic
cable, conductor, and so on.
• Guided media
– Provide a conduit from one device to another, include
twisted-pair cable, coaxial cable, and fiber-optic
cable.
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Figure 7.2 Classes of transmission media
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7-1 GUIDED MEDIA
Guided media, which are those that provide a conduit
from one device to another, include twisted-pair cable,
coaxial cable, and fiber-optic cable.
Topics discussed in this section:
Twisted-Pair Cable
Coaxial Cable
Fiber-Optic Cable
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Figure 7.3 Twisted-pair cable
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Figure 7.4 UTP and STP cables
Unshielded Twisted-Pair (UTP)
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Shielded Twisted-Pair (STP)
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Unshielded vs Shielded Twisted-Pair Cable
• Unshielded twisted-pair (UTP)
• Shielded twisted-pair (STP)
– Has a metal foil or braided-mesh covering that encases
each pair of insulated conductors.
• Category
– Electronic Industries Association (EIA) has developed
standards to classify unshielded twisted-pair cable into
seven categories. Table 7.1 shows these categories.
• Connectors
– Most common UTP connector is RJ-45 (RJ stands for
registered jack).
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Table 7.1 Categories of unshielded twisted-pair cables
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Figure 7.5 UTP connector
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Figure 7.6 UTP performance
Gauge is a measure of the thickness of the wire.
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Figure 7.7 Coaxial cable
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Table 7.2 Categories of coaxial cables
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Figure 7.8 BNC connectors
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Figure 7.9 Coaxial cable performance
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Figure 7.10 Bending of light ray
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Figure 7.11 Optical fiber
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Figure 7.12 Propagation modes
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Figure 7.13 Modes
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Table 7.3 Fiber types
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Figure 7.14 Fiber construction
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Figure 7.15 Fiber-optic cable connectors
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Figure 7.16 Optical fiber performance
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7-2 UNGUIDED MEDIA: WIRELESS
Unguided media transport electromagnetic waves
without using a physical conductor. This type of
communication is often referred to as wireless
communication.
Topics discussed in this section:
Radio Waves
Microwaves
Infrared
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Figure 7.17 Electromagnetic spectrum for wireless communication
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Figure 7.18 Propagation methods
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Table 7.4 Bands
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Figure 7.19 Wireless transmission waves
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Figure 7.20 Omnidirectional antenna
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Note
Radio waves are used for multicast
communications, such as radio and
television, and paging systems.
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Figure 7.21 Unidirectional antennas
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Note
Microwaves are used for unicast
communication such as cellular
telephones, satellite networks,
and wireless LANs.
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Note
Infrared signals can be used for shortrange communication in a closed area
using line-of-sight propagation.
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